Category: Uncategorized

  • Two Poems – Quenton Baker

    I first met Quenton Baker in La Conner, Washington when I attended a reading in an art gallery as a part of the Skagit River Poetry Festival. Quenton’s work was riveting. When he stood to read in his low melodic voice, the energy in the entire room shifted. His poems were a mix of high lyric and musicality with a powerful narrative and a deep intelligence that ignited the page and the audience. It’s a rare gift to discover a poet whose work makes you want to reexamine your own poetry, and make sure you’re twisting the knife in the right places, make sure you’re hitting all the high notes. His work does that for me. It brings me back to my own impulse for writing and makes me want to be better. You can sense that he’s a true artist, that it’s not only the page that excites him, but a way of looking at the world with a lens that is both capable of leaning into the microcosm and capable of singing about what is ever expanding in all of us. Quenton Baker is a phenom and deserves the ear of our nation.

    Ada Limón, winner of National Book Critics Circle award for poetry and current Guggenheim Fellow


    still
    yet we anthem toward altar

    under such ambulatory pressure
    rhythm should be rendered impossible

     

    the whip burns in effigy of wound
    lanterns at our hip
                so our steps warn the dusk

     

    our nightmares fragment         into law
    redolent phylactery of shell and discard
    the world attuned to the fragrance
                of overfed levee as statute
                of preteen        warded to the current

     

    hull anthology
    shattered through our entanglement
    under red moon/chaste lightning

     

    we de-legislate latitude
    envelop border in kink and curve
    collapse the lungs to unlatch the hold
    our breath         bends        all barracoon skyward

     

    *

     

    the coffle           grottos the blood
    thrum language pumped subterranean
    flesh made lexical
                             de-housed from fieldstone

     

    we demand the earth return us

     

    in the grammar         of bone-spitting oak
    in the grammar         of limb-chewing wave
    irrupt the firing pin
    collapse trigger until it resembles an unlit

    waning

     

    an       unhitched                  wailing

     

    we will not modulate or vary the tone
    a suturing shout
    in un-unison
    broad stalactite of threat and futurity

     

    the dirt is a dialect

     

    we drip                 underneath

  • Eric Michaud’s – THE BARBARIAN INVASIONS

    Eric Michaud’s The Barbarian Invasions: A Genealogy of Art (2015, trans. 2019) provides a compelling account of art history’s origins tagged onto an odd mélange of muddled thinking about late antiquity. It’s a narrative that can be caricatured as “[Walter] Goffart lite,” an outdated, hackneyed sketch of the Germanic invasions that triggered the so-called “Dark Ages” in traditional historiography.

    To describe nineteenth-century art criticism as racist is uncontroversial. Most would ground its prejudices in an attempt to play catch-up with various baleful scientific hypotheses. Michaud, however, prefers a subtler approach and detects its original sin: namely, the discipline’s decision to model itself on the life sciences, a project that claimed to name, describe and classify its objects as living beings, assimilating artistic creation to a natural process.

    Starting with the unfortunately named Roger de Piles (d. 1709) who—along with most mainstream critics—organized art into schools, Michaud pinpoints several historical junctions at which there was an obvious semantic fettering of taste, manner and style to the idea of a nation. This slow but steady trend meant that by the end of the eighteenth century it had become uncontroversial to claim an artist’s manner hinged on functions (his physique or hand, for instance) that lay within the remit of his ethnos, rather than a component of his personality or formal training.

    This new taxonomy based on national characteristics stood on shaky foundations, however. In Michaud’s words, “Was it place of birth that determined the presence of a given painter in a national school or rather the place where an artist worked and expressed his talent? Which habits and customs were prioritized: primary education or later study (often carried out far from the land of birth)?” Where artists fitted within such a framework amounted to a parlor game because sophistry, rather than any fixed principle, governed.

    The same issue afflicted nations themselves. As peoples wriggled into various rankings, so the rules of victory shifted. Some reckoned an absence of an ethnic character, which lifted French works into a cosmopolitan gaiety and thereby placed France at the top of the pile. Others believed it was the ability of a nation to bypass history and connect with the tastes of antiquity that bestowed hegemony. As sharp elbows materialized, patriotism ramped up a gear, to the extent that de Piles’ English translator felt able to write that

    “Had we an Academy we might see how high the English Genius would soar, and as it excels all other Nations in Poetry, so no doubt it would equal, if not excel, the greatest of them all in Painting.”

    Amidst such games (where discourses found themselves probed for metrics that would secure home nations the “correct” grades), some lone wolfs refused to play. Anne Claude de Caylus, for instance, detested the essentialism taking root. He argued that history was so chaotic, mankind so “weak and imitative,” influences and exchanges so fluid and disordered, that claiming any sort of national purity was absurd and puerile.

    Yet the puerile proved stubbornly popular in large part thanks to Johann Winckelmann who played a considerable role in establishing an intimate and organic link between a people and its art so that the latter was no longer a social activity but a peculiarly natural function; a necessary expression; an outer form deterministically conditioned by the (ethnic) spirit that animated it. Instead of self-mimesis infecting the individual painter’s work (as Leonardo da Vinci had bemoaned), Winckelmann argued it impaired entire nations.

    In such a topsy-turvy world, the artistic schools were, according to Henri Fortoul, reduced to “the various manners in which the different races understand and practice art,” a position that reduced the critic to arguing that Italians, who had historically referred to the Florentine, Roman and Venetian “schools,” had intended to express how city-states were such forceful polities that in art they behaved as homogenous nations. Worse, Giovanni Morelli bizarrely considered Venice (of all cities?!) to have had the “good fortune” to have gone “undisturbed by foreign influences.”

    The watchword of these essentialist games was “genius.” Which nation’s genius manifested in what way? Or, more bluntly, whose was superior? Intellectuals scrambled for their nation’s unique contribution to civilization. Most pointedly, Germans clung to the idea that they had invented the ogival principle, an antecedent to Gothic architecture. This was their modern triumph, they insisted; a rigid salute to the Greeks, who they claimed had “invented” taste in antiquity. Such trends mirrored tendencies in the discipline of history where thinkers such as B. G. Niebuhr asserted, “Greece is the Germany of Antiquity,” (which Otto von Bismarck later reversed into “Germany is the Greece of Modernity).”

    Greece was renowned as western civilization’s first mover (all its precursors were alien and odd). Who better to ape in the aesthetic sphere? Especially in sculpture, which became associated with the innate beauty of  the Greek race (“large eyes, short foreheads, straight noses and fine mouths” according to Ernst Curtius). Indeed, their chiseled contours were often so good that it made the Germans squirm, forcing them to applaud the execution but insist the Greek had an easy time of it since his subject was so gut-achingly perfect (thanks, as the rather sinister argument ran, to a lack of miscegenation).

    Messages like this haltingly (and perniciously) became orthodox. Peoples were reduced to static, uniform entities whose art expressed a single style or genius. With both nations and the arts reduced to passive categories, physiognomic hierarchies were the governing norms for centuries, pitting Caucasians at the top against black folk at the bottom.

    It was all very well claiming Caucasians were lords of the dung-heap, but ultimately it was sub-civilizational tensions that ran highest. From the Romantic period onwards, there sprouted an idea that the Germanic strands of European DNA were no longer damnosa hereditas (when compared to its Latin partner) but a boon. The trend climaxed in Oswald Spengler’s theory of “pseudomorphosis,” which described how older cultural strains had a habit of stunting, stymieing and distorting new ones (like new wine in old skins). The Germanics prided them themselves on having flouted this historical pattern.

    Elsewhere, Hippolyte Taine argued that the Latin races were superior to their Germanic “crust,” and that it was thanks to their freedom that Europe had been able to produce “great and perfect painting[s] of the human body.” Yet in doing so, the Frenchman fell into Winckelmann’s syndrome, the refusal to distinguish the figures of art from their living models—a habit that was well on the way to becoming a heuristic principle. Indeed, the custom reached comical heights with Edouard Piette who, on the grounds that France’s pre-historic art displayed two consistent forms, farcically claimed the country had once been populated by two distinct races: a (thick, chunky) “steatogyne” i.e. adipose “race”, who enjoyed intermixing with the (thin, lean) “sarcogyne” people.

    With imperial projects taking these racial hierarchies seriously, however, academic disciplines increasingly took it upon themselves to rehabilitate chapters of history that made Europeans look like savages. Namely, the barbarian invasions. Out went the traditional view propagated by Giorgio Vasari, who bemoaned that the Goths had “ruined the ancient buildings and killed all the architects.” In came a zivilisation vs. kultur division that framed everything south of the Alps as classical, exhausted, shattered, monotonous, feminine, oppressive, corrupt and decadent, while everything north was cast as romantic, young, virile, strong, masculine, free, innocent and fecund. Whilst, east of the Alps, Slavs—in a mocking coda—were characterized as merely imitative (and therefore irrelevant).

    This binary approach might have remained a fairly simple sport had its two main actors, France and Germany, enjoyed stable attitudes about themselves and other cultures. Instead, France oscillated between thinking of itself as a Gallic (i.e. Celtic) arcadia that excelled in Latin civilization oppressed by Frankish warlords, or self-idealizing as a Frankish (i.e. Germanic) patria that made Germans look second-rate. Meanwhile, Germans couldn’t decide whether they were the spirits of classicism reborn (this ties in with the denialism of Alois Riegl, who claimed the barbarization of Roman art had occurred before the Germanic invasions), or forgers of a new civilization.

    Christianity suffered in the crossfire. One of the more bizarre claims on the part of the Germanics was that they had forged a Christian civilization in the white heat of the barbarian revolution—conveniently forgetting that the Roman Empire had upheld the faith for over one hundred fifty years before it fell in the West. Jews were also kicked aside as an “artless” people. History itself was a victim: the Renaissance went from being a sign of revival to a symbol of regression, decline and decadence—a signal, in the words of Victor Hugo, of the “pseudo-antique.”

    In this petty conflict, the Germanics saw themselves as force, direction and confrontation against the sterile eternity (or eternal sterility?) of classicism; the spear-thrust of an uncowed people against the amorphous globo-blob of Roman government. But several styles didn’t fall neatly into such a neat binary. The Romanesque and to a lesser extent the baroque, for instance, suffered as hybrid forms that could only be ignored or distorted to fit Latinate or Germanic agendas, never appreciated in their own right.

    Hegel stood squarely in the pro-Germanic camp, claiming that a people always summed up an Age (no people, he asserted—forgetting the Eastern Roman Empire—had ever been able to lend its name to more than one epoch) and that his era was a German one: “der germanische Geist ist der Geist der neuen Welt” (The German Spirit is the Spirit of the New World). Other Germans (Schiller, for instance) even dared to claim that the Faustian genius of the Germans was superior to the Apollonian plasticity of the ancients, arguing that “the strength of the ancient artist… subsists in finitude” while the moderns excel in everything “infinite” as if all that was holding the Germanic arts back was God’s miserly three dimensions.

    Such a superlative survey makes the book worth every penny. The dogmas of the permanence of races, artistic constants and Winckelmann’s syndrome (blurring the distinctions between artistic and living figures past and present) are pulled one-by-one from the shadows and placed beneath the veracious glare of Michaud’s torch. His detailing of each notion’s genealogy reveals that what might have camouflaged itself as artistic commonplace was in fact intellectually dishonest (or at least lazy or complacent). Indeed, the epilogue excels at drawing the net of prejudices even further by noting that the concept of the modern West has shifted from a “geographical and temporal entity to a psychological category. The West is now everywhere… in minds.”

    Yet instead of concluding with liberal pieties that might have pleased a PC-conscious audience, Michaud points and winks at how capitalism has not reconfigured or fixed these prejudices but merely flipped them. Instead of destroying the racialist undercurrent, the West has simply attached a positive value—namely, authenticity—to ethnic minorities and therefore commoditized them. This process may now be a positive one (it assigns surplus value; it doesn’t devalue them) but nevertheless its logic is a racist one that hails from an essentialist conception of culture and identity as outlined above. 

    If this had been the entire book, few criticisms would be forthcoming. As I’ve warned, however, The Barbarian Invasions possesses an introduction that can be most charitably described as garbled Goffart. Admittedly, it is clear why it exists. A well-meaning Michaud wishes to throw mud at the idea that peoples are hermetically-sealed billiard balls, an idea that has underpinned several racist intellectual and political movements in modern Europe.

    However, to write that the barbarian invasions were a “myth” is laughable. Instead of setting out the historical events that concerned barbarian aggression and settlement—which should have quoted lots of P. Sarris, who presents a sound revision of Goffart in Empires of Faith (2011)—Michaud reduces himself to referencing only salacious soundbites of these events, rebutting fantasies not with realities but wild assertions such as “the barbarian invasions were thus in large part a romantic invention.”

    When he does bite the bullet, he breaks his teeth. Declarations such as “historians agree on two points: it is no longer possible to consider the groups as homogenous peoples” and “those peoples included very few Germans” are dubious at best, plain wrong at worst. To address the first point, while a certain amount of ethnic fluidity can be attributed to peoples such as the Huns, other groups were culturally homogenous (though highly adaptive), possessed an ethnic core (based on kinsmanship) and, when they settled, often created legislation that clearly addressed their own people as opposed to the Romans. Almost all contemporary literature refers to the Alamanni, Goths, Vandals, Angles, Franks, Lombards and Visigoths as Germanic. It was hardly a catch-all term either, as contemporary controversies swirled and eddied around who exactly the Herules were, and a firm consensus noted that the Alans were not Germanic.

    What is at stake here could not be clearer. No matter how unsavoury or mythological one might find later, derivative theories, an author shouldn’t seek to debunk their foundations if they’re ultimately historical truths—even if they’ve subsequently been instrumentalized in bad faith. In other words, just because it is not pleasurable to read about how malign or gullible sorts twisted the fact Germanics formed a cultural powerhouse into a dark hypothesis that flowered into ethnic supremacism, it doesn’t give authors the right to deny the fact that Germanic elites formed a Dark Age icing on the indigenous sponge of what was to become the West.

    The Romans, who framed themselves as the sole people (meaning, with a constitution and history), believed the outside world a roiling sea of chaos, a void of wild gentes who couldn’t fathom the similarities or differences they had with their neighbors. Indeed, in avoiding modern pitfalls, Michaud stumbles a little too readily into ancient ditches. The idea that the invading tribes were not aware of being Germanic falls a little too deeply into the trap of Roman ethnography. He is also ensnared into thinking that because the tribal political systems (and their centralized leadership traditions) were relatively young, then the peoples they represented must have been of recent vintage, diverse and opportunistic rather than ancient, organic and relatively homogenous. Again, replacing nasty lies with nice ones.

    Michaud, then, has produced a book less of two halves than a book of one and four fifths. Buy it, read it, enjoy it. Just make sure you skip the introduction.


     Eric Michaud’s The Barbarian Invasions: A Genealogy of the History of Art is available from MIT Press.

  • The Wall Makers—I Muratori

    The Wall Makers—I Muratori

     

              I drive from Strada Provinciale 48 to 236 to 90, to get from Acquaviva delle Fonti to Cassano delle Murge to Bitettothree towns in the heel of the boot of Italy that form a trinity of olive and fig trees and grapevines – where all my ancestors were born for hundreds of years and many cousins still live. All my family, all the lineages, all my bloodlines, come from this small triangle of fertile earth.

                Strada Provinciale—county roads, connect these villages. Endless stone walls line these roads. Miles of walls. I think of the men in my family. On their immigration papers, for occupazione—occupation, it either says: contadino—farmer, or muratore—wall maker. I’d always pictured my grandfathers building walls the way my father put up walls in the Bronx. He’d hold three nails in his mouth sharp ends sticking out his lips, lay a frame of two-by-four studs sixteen inches apart with cross-struts, then hammer vast clean sheets of plasterboard to the frame. As a finishing touch he’d hammer each nail just below flush, by tapping another nail onto its head with one shot. But on Strada Provinciale 236, it strikes me. These are the walls my ancestors built. I’m looking at them. These walls. These stones. These fields. These endless walls. My grandfathers and great-grandfathers and great-great-grandfathers built these walls, uprooted these stones with their hands, carried these stones across these fields, this sun stepping on their backs, simmering their spines. They built these walls.

                My Grandpop Carmine, my father’s father, came to L’America when he was twelve years old and like many Barese in New York City, carried three-hundred-pound block ice to earn a living. This was work available to illiterate immigrants who were strong as oxen and willing to beat out the sun to work. The Barese in New York dominated this trade. At eighteen Carmine joined the U.S. Army, which was a nice break from the ice business. The Army fed him, gave him two good pairs of socks and leather boots. That’s something. Grandpop fought in the 1918 Battle of the Argonne Forest, in The Great War.

                My father told me: “When Grandpop was in the Army, there was a rock pile the Sergeant wanted moved. So he ordered a private, a southerner, to move the rocks. “Private, move that rock pile. I want it moved over there,” and he pointed to another spot twenty yards away. The southerner balked at the order. The Civil War was always being fought amongst the ranks, so the Sergeant looked for a Yankee. “Watch this,” the Sergeant says, “the Dago will do it. He won’t even think twice.” He eyeballs Grandpop. “Charlie,” he says, “Move that rock pile over there.” Grandpop, they call him Charlie in America, thinkin’ nothin’ of it, carries all the rocks, a bunch at a time, to where the Sergeant pointed, with the whole platoon watching. When he was done, Grandpop says to the Sergeant, “Sir, where do you want them moved next?” The Sergeant says, “Put ’em back.” “Yes Sir.” And Grandpop carries all the rocks back without even thinkin’ about it. Rocks to him were child’s play.”

                Imagine my grandfather, a boy, seven, eight years old in Bitetto. Imagine taking him out to a field and telling him, “Wallio! — Boy! Clear these fields of rocks. That’s your job, your career, your occupazione. Your post. Your stazione, your station. Unbury the rocks. Pull them up outta the earth with your bare hands. Your hands are shovels now. Your hands are spades. Your fingernails are blades in the earth. Carry the rocks. Arrange ’em into walls. Make ’em fit tight. Get all the rocks. Clear the fields of rocks. Make one long wall here. Along this donkey path we’re gonna turn into a road to connect the towns. When you’re done with that, make a row over there. See the edge of those olive trees? Make one over there. And when you’re done with that go a kilometer down and continue the wall. We need walls everywhere.”

                Imagine being that boy. You look at endless fields in the hot open sun. You’re looking at nothing and you have to make something. And you know this job will never be done. One day you won’t be able to move your back is all, or close your hands ever again because your hands cast into shovels somewhere in the hot hard earth. Shovels like starfish, five thick muscular open fingers. When you get to Ellis Island and you’re twelve years old and built like an ox, and they ask you your occupation and you gotta’ give the guy in the hat and shiny silver badge a word to write on his paper, what are you gonna say? “I pull rocks outta the fields all day barehanded?” No! You say something that indicates pride in creation. I make walls. “Sono un muratore!” I am a wall maker!

                Driving by these endless stone walls through fields of olive trees on Strada Provinciale 236, I see something red coming up on the left. A woman. Right there in the middle of two olive trees a woman is walking. She wears a fire-engine red bra, red thong, and red stilettos. She has long black hair and walks impossibly slowly around a big cream-colored cushy divan. So slow as if she is under water. She holds a red umbrella with a rippled edge, silky, that undulates in waves like a giant jellyfish when she pumps it up and down. Up up! Up up! She pumps it up to me twice inviting me over. This is her calling card. Up up! Up up! She sees me as a signore in my baseball hat, sunglasses, short hair, left arm hanging out the window, and sleeve rolled up over the shoulder revealing a muscular bicep. As soon as I notice her, I whiz passed and continue meeting her eyes in my rear-view mirror. Her skin stands out from the olive trees, sun-worn, not young, she’s been out here for a while. Bare arms, belly, long strong legs. She is of this land that she walks. Stilettos on soil. She watches as I go, pumps the umbrella—up up—twice more, knowing I’ll be coming back this way ’cause there’s only one road between these towns; my grandfathers’ towns: Cassano delle Murge and Bitetto.

                I drive down from la murgia, the limestone plateau that characterizes this land west of Bari. Cassano delle Murge, where my mother’s father was born, is a thousand feet up on la murgia. I drive into Bitetto. At the rototoria, the roundabout, I read as quickly as I can, the names of the towns and the arrows. I drive in circles twice around, aiming to get off in the right direction on the first try. I don’t know how any American or Argentinian or Australian or Canadian or any descendant of the diaspora finds their right ancestral town on the first try, especially if going by the way your grandparents pronounced the town name in your ear. They cut off the last syllables when they spoke. Town names look different in lettering on signs than how the names flew off our grandparents’ tongues. Peasants carry heavy things. My grandparents were always working. When you’re carrying a hundred-pound sack of sand or cement or a thirty-pound lasagna, or sweeping the driveway or hosing down the sidewalk, you pronounce things differently. I’d ask a question on the fly and they’d shout an answer.

                “Grandpop, what’s the name of the town where you were born?”

                “Bah! Bitett’.”

                “Hah? Pitett’? Piteet’? Beetet’?” I worked hard to make the syllables stick in my head. The classic Italian you may be used to hearing, comes from the North. Maybe they didn’t heave such heavy things around all day long up north. Maybe they worked sitting down. That’s how you get a language that sounds like violins. Olio d’oliva, lalalala. Try talkin’ that way when you’re luggin’ two hundred-pound blocks of ice, one on each shoulder, up to the fifth floor tenement apartments.

                At the rototoria, arrows point in different directions: Binetto, Bitritto, Bitonto, Bitetto. You gotta read fast. Which is it? If you go to a few towns before you find the right town, that’s all part of the journey. Town names are differentiated by just a consonant or a twist of a vowel. I got lucky, got it right on the first try.

                I pull into Bitetto and park on the side of a road, relieving the car from the engine’s heavy breathing. A thousand years whirl inside me. Driving is the wrong pace for ancestral land. I need to walk. My grandparents walked. My grandmother spoke of hitching a ride on a donkey cart, a basket of figs balanced on her head, coming home from the fields. Maybe my grandfathers got a chance to mount a horse or a bicycle here though they never owned one. I walk. My legs have to do this. Meet the earth. My thighs need to pump memories through my brain. Walking orders my thoughts. The olive air swirls inside my skull. I want to breathe this air my grandparents breathed before coming to the Bronx. To my New York nose, this air is champagne. I pause at a memorial for Padre Pio, nod a prayer to the bronze statue, and make eye contact with him.

                The first cross-street I come to is the street where my grandmother was born, the grandmother I am named after. I have the address written on a scrap of paper in my pocket. As a girl she was Anna Cianciotta, then after marriage Anna Lanzillotta. I walk down her street and find her house. Easy. I walk around the outside, touch the sandstone, close my eyes, and imagine the sounds one hundred years ago when she was a girl. I hear donkeys and goats and chickens. I feel a soft breeze coming in from the fields, just like now. The same breeze greets me now as greeted her then, silk around our necks. What happened in the hundred years and two world wars in between? I stood there in the mid-morning August heat. It was dead quiet. And hot. There was nobody out. I was being watched. And I knew it.

                I walk back to the piazza and find an open caffè. I step inside and feel a jolt of coolness from ducking out of the direct sun. The caffè is charged with espresso and music.

             “Un espresso con panna per favore.”

                In Napoli, I’d learned to order my espresso with a top coat of thick fresh cream. The blonde behind the counter looks a little too tall for around here. I peek and see the floor behind the counter is raised. She takes one look at me and asks: “Hai parient’ Bitettese?”—Do you have relatives in Bitetto? She wants me to state my business. Maybe she recognizes my cheeks as wide as la murgia, my eyes the Constantinopile blue. Maybe she sees under this layer of butch Americanismo my inner little old Barese lady. It’s not so hard to see if you know what it is you’re lookin’ for. What it is, what it is.   

                “Sí ma no conosce’. Sto cercando.”—Yeah, I say, but I don’t know them, I’m looking for them. I tell her my whole name with pride, in fact I announce it to the whole caffè, my whole name loud, and the names of my father’s father and mother: “Io sono Lanzillotta, e Cianciotta.”

                The blonde responds: “Uè! Uagnone Bitettese!”—Hey! Bitettese names!

                A voice behind me, states firmly: “Io sono Lanzillotta e Cianciotta.”—I am Lanzillotta and Cianciotta. She’s got a healthy head of white hair and wears a crisp navy dress dotted with tiny white daisies. She’s sitting upright, formal, drinking her espresso like a queen.

                I turn to her. “Certamente siamo cugini!”—Certainly we are cousins! I open my arms but no hug comes. I sense her reticence but take a step further. I offer the names of my grandparents and great grandparents, all who were children in Bitetto: “I miei nonne sono Cianciotta, Anna e Lanzillotta, Carmine. I miei bisnonni erano Scigliuto, Apollonia e Cianciotta, Saverio; Soranno, Arcangela e Lanzillotta, Giuseppe.”

                She squints tight. A door shut. I had touched a nerve, struck something. You could feel the pressure. O! We are related. She doesn’t want nothin’ to do with me. Yet there’s something in her eyes I’d love to know. I ask if she knows Pasqualina, the cousin I am looking for, and she squints even tighter.

                “No!”

                I don’t believe her. I remember hearing stories about family feuds decades ago and I know I’ve just fallen into a hole in that jungle camouflaged with underbrush. I step back and look down at my shorts, sneakers, unshaven legs, overweight belly, bandana around my head, and fanny pack. What must I look like to this woman? Some middle-aged, bulky butch, ’Mericán, Merde Cane—dog shit, no husband, no pockabook. Here, dressing is a mark of respect. It means you made it up from the fields. You got the earth outta your fingernails and can sit in a caffè—a human handling the tiniest of cups in all the world with ease, with your peasant tool-hands. Who drinks outta cups smaller than espresso cups with such tiny handles? Nobody. It’s tinier than a child’s tea set. I back off.

                Who walks into Bitetto in the dead heat of August, alone, when you’re supposed to be at al mare—the sea? Alone, a woman traveling alone, that’s suspicious enough, no man, no child, no mother, no father, no nobody, a stranger, no lipstick, not even a combed hair. I strode into town, all open and available, like in the movies, that’s where the story begins, a stranger comes to town. Paul Newman jumps off the train and fjords the river by foot in The Long, Hot Summer, asks around, “Who needs a hired hand?” Gets a job in the hardware store, falls in love with Joanne Woodward. My God! And wreaks havoc on the town. I walked into Bitetto like that, all open, a cat sidling up to things to see what sticks. Maybe I’d move back and start an art colony? Who knows? Just sidle up, see what sticks. Since Mom died, I had no reason to be anywhere in the world. No mother, no child, no vestige of an umbilicus in either direction. The past decade had been a slow parade to the graveyard: Dad, Grandma, Mom. I had no tether. It was time to reinvent my life. I felt alone in the world. Did the woman in the navy dress sense this in me? This wanting? I expected it to be easy to waltz into my father’s ancestral town and find my living cousins. To walk in, announce my name and immediately bump into a cousin. And I did. Just the wrong cousin. Riffs can last for generations. Plus, strangers are threats. The province of Bari has known invasion after invasion, changing hands about a dozen times. Italy’s unification was an invasion from the north. WWII held no reason for southern Italians to fight their American cousins. Why fight your blood when you have zero ties to the north? Regional allegiance was everything and national pride nothing. Here, strangers are met with caution. Strangers are interruptions. Strangers beckon suspicion. Strangers want your land. Want something. In her eyes I saw she wondered what I wanted.

                I booked a room for a couple of nights in a B&B. An old nobleman’s estate. A Bourbon invader from the sixteenth century. A mustard color compound with an interior rectangular courtyard. I wondered—who comes here to stay in all these rooms? I could bring eighty people here. One day, I’ll come back with all my New York cousins and we’ll fill this joint!

                The front door trips a bell and a kid about thirteen comes through an arch from the back room to work the counter. I take one look at his face, all cheeks big as la murgia, big brown eyes, full lips and I know he’s my cousin. I say to him: “Certamente siamo cugini!”—Certainly we are cousins! But, nothin’, no response. I press him. “Comesichiama?”—What’s your name? And he tells me, and I say, “I knew it! You guys married Lanzillottas in Brooklyn! We’re procugini, like third cousins or whatever.”

                Nothin’. The kid wants to get back to whatever video game he’s been playing in the back room.

                At this point, I start asking myself, why are you so interested in finding long lost family? You got enough problems with the family you already know. There are feuds and schisms on both sides of the ocean. But I was curious. And I’ve cultivated curiosity. Studied opera libretti and taught myself the language. Fought to regain my cittadinanza—Italian citizenship by rectifying spellings of some of the names so they matched consonants and vowels on the chain of documents from birth certificates, through Ellis Island misspellings, then declarations for U.S. citizenship through death certificates. Still, I spell my last name wrong. Originally, it’s Lanzillotta. An Ellis Island mis-stroke of the official’s pen turned the final “a” to an “o” and I’ve chosen to leave that final “o” as it is, a scar on my name that represents the change that occurred in the crossing. I always felt the quest deeply. As a child, I paid rapt attention to my grandparents’ stories. I asked questions.  And I always got along with cousins. Cousins are just distant enough. And most of all, I knew I was alive in a pivotal moment in history. My parents’ generation was just about all gone. The connectors, gone: the people who knew of each other, the dialects, recipes, stories, prayers, songs, saints, nicknames, the dead, the ways of the land, the language of leaves and trees and roots and crops, the knowledge of hands, how to make every single thing: vino olio formaggio terracotta cavateel. After exactly one hundred years since my grandparents immigrated from Bari to the Bronx, all the links were about to be severed. I had a sense of duty. And anyways, I was curious. As the aria says, “Sono una poeta!” I am a poet and the daughter of a U.S. Marine. Semper Fi. If I don’t do it, nobody will. I’m that third generation artist you hear about. The first generation of landless peasants comes to the Bronx, carries ice and coal, sews in Manhattan sweatshops. The second generation carries ice and coal from eight years old, then as times goes on, grows up to install oil burners, gives expert haircuts and manicures. The third generation writes poems and songs, and remembers.

                I close the door to my room in the nobleman’s house and all the air gets sucked out the little window in the top of the room. Wshhhrrrrrrrrurrrpp! Time inverts. Flips. Time is infinity and like the symbol flips back on itself. Nothin’ comes before and nothin’ after. I can’t tell you if I was there a moment, a day, an hour, a month, a year, a lifetime, if my grandparents even ever left Bitetto in the first place, or if I ever came back a hundred years later. I walked backward through centuries of consciousness. I had the sense I’d watered my grandmother’s peach tree before she even spit the peach pit into the ground.

                I took a cool shower and let the water run down my body rasping off the heat. It was time for the pisolino—the afternoon nap. I conked out. The effect of sleeping twice in one day took a weird hold on me. Sleeping twice. Dreaming twice. When I awoke it was afternoon but felt like morning. I needed an espresso to snap me back from dream time. 16:00—I climb back onto the rungs of the clock. I begin to grasp that rigid system of time, la sistemazione, the order to your day. As my mother used to say, “There were rules for how you had to do everything from the time you opened your eyes in the morning to the time you shut your eyes at night.” I grip rungs on the ladder of time to climb back into the present moment, to orient myself, to catch up with everyone in this country, to eat when they eat, sleep when they sleep, down coffee when they down coffee, dream when they dream. I begin to feed time. La prima colazione. La colazione. Il pranzo. Il pisolino. Un’espresso. L’aperitivo. La cena. La passeggiata. Dormire. First breakfast. Breakfast. Lunch. Nap. Coffee. Appetizer. Dinner. A stroll in the piazza. Sleep. I climb back to a number on a clock. The letters of the name of a day of the week. The numbers of the years we count. I feed time. This is serious. The whole country drinks an espresso at exactly the same time, 16:00.  This is what unites north and south.

                Early the next morning I sit in the common area for la prima colazione. On my first cappuccino I see a tough girl like me in the music video on the TV overhead. She does pushups, runs, throws punches, dresses like a twelve-year old boy, bright t-shirt and shorts, like me. Intercut with scenes of her sparring in the gym, are images of her father beating up her mother. This is a song on domestic violence. The first time I ever saw something like this in Italy. I am stunned. I have to know what song this is. I ask the ragazzo, my third cousin who says he’s not my cousin, her name and to please write it for me. He writes on a napkin: Fiorella Mannoia, “Nessuna Conseguenza.”— “No Consequence.” On my second cappuccino a woman smashes a car windshield with a baseball bat, dumps a man’s clothes onto the street then waves to a guy up on a balcony as she drives off, satisfied, with a friend in a convertible.  He writes on another napkin for me: Nina Zilli, “Ti Amo Mi Ucccidi.”— “I Love You Kill Me.” How many songs are there in Italian about surviving domestic violence? I feel seen, suddenly. Recognized—if only by these artists whose songs embolden and fortify me. Otherwise, I am an androgynous woman walking around alone in the paese, asking questions. These songs make me feel my childhood is capished, that these Italian songwriters understand my upbringing. It’s jarring. My quest has grown a new tributary. I’ve been wanting the hugs of cousins no one in my immediate family has ever met. Now, I also wanted to better understand the roots of the domestic violence I grew up with, and all the mental illness and maladjustment within my family in America.

                My father’s domestic violence was born from war and also something else hundreds and hundreds of years old. I don’t want to simplify it with the word patriarchy or a culture of male dominance, or the church. I want to keep hunting, thinking, painting stories in my mind. My father was a U.S. Marine, First Division, Fifth Regiment, who fought in Operation Iceberg on the island of Okinawa in WWII. He came home with severe PTSD. My mother bore the brunt of his rage. Violence against women—how many roots, how deep, how far back, how intertwined? My mind swirls like a Chagall painting: intergenerational trauma, genetic memory, the degradation of poverty, generations of poverty and despair, the fraying of families by lifelong separation through immigration, the uncounted causalities of war—our families. I feel I am hemorrhaging, and well-wishers offer jelly beans. Sweet offerings. The psychiatrist tells me to lose weight. The career counselor tells me to change the font on my resume. The millionaire art patron tells me to seek Shambala Buddhism training. The yogi suggests a silent retreat. I want to scream. If I begin to scream, I may never stop. There have been women, elders, in my family who have lost their voices altogether. Years ago they’d say, “There’s a frog in my throat.” But it is these screams. There’s a scream in my throat. I relate to the central image in Pietro di Donato’s Christ in Concrete. A ton of cement has fallen on all of us, all our hearts, our earth. I down the last slug of my second cappuccino and head outside for l’aria fresca—a breath of fresh air.

                I stride into the Municipio—Town Hall. The clerk takes me into the back room. We stand, looking through shelves of books of handwritten records from the 1800’s. He turns pages to find my great-great-great grandparents. I notice that every birth certificate of every baby born in town has the same name. Page after page. Every baby, on the line where it says il nome—name, is handwritten Maria Donata, or Donata Maria. I ask him why the birth certificates all have the same name. It feels like a stupid question, because in my American mind, it can’t be true. Can it? Am I reading wrong? He tells me that indeed every baby has to be donated or offered to la Madonna, the mother of Jesus. Donata a Maria—donated to Maria. It’s a blessing and I guess at a time of high infant mortality, a spiritual necessity. “Masche, femminile, lo stesso: Maria Donata.”—Boy, girl, the same. In my stupefacente—stupefaction, if I understood him correctly, up until a certain year – I think it might have been around the 1861 unification when the whole archipelago was now called one country under one flag, all babies in Bitetto were named the same, Donata Maria. After that, it was no longer mandatory, but still traditional. Every baby was also given an additional name, a middle name. Like, I would have been Maria Donata, Anna Rachele. Even in my family in New York, this tradition has carried through to some degree. Every child, all of my cousins had to have the name of a saint. Mandatory. We were all dedicated to saints, under the protection and blessings of saints. Find me an Italian American and I’ll reveal a Mary or Joseph or Ann or Anthony or Francesco in their name somewhere. There’s dozens of variations of Mary and Ann, the mother and grandmother of Jesus. I have cousins JoAnn, AnneMarie, MaryAnn, Ann, Nina, Marie, Annette, BethAnn, Roseanne and on and on. And in Italy, in the south, people call me by my middle name: Rachele. The middle name is the signifier, the identifier. Plus, with the system of being named after your grandparents, many cousins all have the same name. If there’s one Lanzillotta, Anna—there’s fifty. This went on for hundreds of years. So, everybody needs a nickname, a street name—u soprannom’. Even in the Bronx in the 60’s and 70’s it was your street name you were known by. I know my great-grandfather’s soprannom’, “Mangiasard”—Eats sardines. But I don’t know my cousin Pasqualina’s soprannom’. How will I ever find her?

                I wander around Bitetto, the old town’s labyrinthine streets, and I end up on my cousin’s street. It’s abandoned. House after house, abbandonato. All the buildings empty. I double check the address on my folded piece of paper. I’m devastated. Could it be I’m a few years too late? I walk back to the center and up the marble staircase into the cathedral. I think it’s afternoon. Is it afternoon? No. It’s before lunch. I didn’t eat yet. A wedding is taking place. My cells are buzzing. I want to open my arms. I can sense in my body that I have cousins in this crowd. I want to hug somebody and shout: Lanzillotta! Cianciotta! Silecchia! Rossano! Rutigliano! Squicciarini! Sgiliuti! Rizzi!  If only I had the right intro, or an App that could tell me who in the room share DNA with me, it would be lighting up, buzzing. I want to yell: “Certamente siamo cugini!” I want someone’s arms to open and wrap around me tight as a vine. I have the strong feeling I’m related to almost everybody in Bitetto. I feel like sitting in the piazza with a coffee pot and a sign: “Ti faró un caffè si puoi dimostrare che non siamo cugini.”—I’ll make you a coffee if you can prove we’re not cousins. I’ll draw my family tree and we’ll see whose great-grandfather is whose great-grandfather and whose grandmother is the sister to whose grandmother. Capishe?

                At the end of the church service, the wedding party exits the cathedral and poses on the marble staircase. The bride calls her bulldog and instructs him, “Sedutto!” to sit for the photo. He doesn’t sit. The groom holds the leash. The bulldog faces the camera in front. The groom bends down and coaxes the bulldog to sit. A drone buzzes overhead taking aerial photos of the wedding party. I bend back and open my arms up to the blue sky and spin around and around. I think of the whole loop of all my ancestors from Bitetto to Cassano delle Murge to Acquaviva delle Fonti, spiraling out to the south Bronx. Even if my grandparents never immigrated from la murgia to the Bronx, my parents might still have met and married anyway, right here in this Cattedrale di San Michele Arcangelo—the cathedral of Saint Michael the Archangel. The drone buzzed over us. I laugh when I think that right now, somewhere in Bitetto, in some photo album on someone’s coffee table, in an aerial photo of a wedding party outside the steps of la Cattedrale, I am in those wedding photos: a blue and white blur. That blue and white whirling blur is your cousin from L’America.

                The wedding party vanishes. I walk around looking to get lunch, but everything is closed, shut, shuttered. All the gates down. Locked. Chiuso. I missed my chance. Everyone’s inside by now for il pranzo and il pisolino—lunch and a nap. Even the street cats. I don’t want to nap. I feel squeezed in. I gotta get outta town. Once you get out of synch with the people, it’s like you’re on a bicycle and your chain falls off. I jump in the car, eat some grapes and almonds stashed there, and roar onto Strada Provinciale 236. The Lady in Red pumps her red umbrella to me. Up Up! Up Up! There’s nothing more ancient than this—old stone walls, olive trees, and a big red hot hhhlrrrrrrpppp open cunt ready to suck you in. Suction is the primal force of the universe, not protrusion as the patriarchy would have you believe. I beep my horn, roll down my window and yell:

                “Certamente siamo cugini!

                The next morning I get up, down a cappuccino made for me by my cousin who says he’s not my cousin, and head for the cemetery on the edge of town. If I can’t find my living cousins, I’ll go find my dead. I drive through olive and grape and fig fields up to the cemetery’s white wall and locked wrought iron gate through which I see two women polishing a gravestone. I ask them how I can get in. They motion for me to go around to the other side. I drive around and around the walls until I see other cars parked. I walk up four steps through an arch, in through the one open gate by a small office with a sign on the door: Il Custode—The Caretaker. “Buongiorno,” I say as I step forward.

                Before three aisles of graves, I stand. Ladies in dresses walk around with buckets of water, rags, and straw brooms. These are the elders wiping, sweeping, washing, the gravestones of their dead. I walk straight down the central row of graves. The first grave is a Silecchia. That’s one of my great-grandparent’s names. The next grave, a Squicciarini. Also a family name. Stone after stone, all the names on the headstones are my family names: Lanzillotta, Cianciotta, Silecchia, Rossano, Rutigliano, Gatti, Squicciarini, Sgiliuti. It feels like a private graveyard of all my ancestors. Can I be related to everybody in here? I walk slow, step by step, and stay in all the shade I can. Tall pine trees shower long green needles on the marble slabs that lay flat on the ground. The women mourners sweep the pine needles away. The sound of sweeping accompanies the breeze through the pine trees raining more needles down onto the marble. I step carefully to keep my footing. The graveyard is on a downward slope. I feel I am in a forest thick with pine air. Nina Simone’s voice: “Lilac wine I feel heady… Lilac wine, I feel unsteady” runs through my mind. Mosquitos on my neck, legs, arms, offer pokes and hellos like ancestors. Prick blood. Mosquitos fly with Bitettese blood all around the graveyard, landing on everyone standing. One grave stops me: Lanzillotta, Anna. My name. I look at her face on the oval porcelain cameo portrait. She looks exactly like my Grandpop Carmine. If you put an iceman cap on her, they’re identical. The same dark straight eyebrows, thin line of lips and blunt Lanzillotta nose. I wipe away the pine needles, smack my neck where a mosquito lands, drink water and stand affixed to the spot. Was she my grandfather’s sister? Cousin? To see my own name on a gravestone—it’s a spiritual vertigo. A disorientation. What realm am I in?

                Il Custode walks by me: “Perché sei qui? Dovrest’ andar’ al mar’! Vai al mare! Al mare! Al mare!”—Why are you here? You should be at the sea! At the sea! At the sea! He motions with his hand. The hand is stiff. It’s a mannequin hand, just like a hand in a Macy’s store window. Long and stiff, peach colored, blackened with dirt. The Hand motions east toward the sea, where the sun is coming up. I ask him if he can help me find the graves of my great-grandparents. The hand motions south over the wall. I don’t know what he means. I jot down a list of names and hand him the paper. He raises an eyebrow as if to say I gave him too many names and tells me dismissively to come back tomorrow as if tomorrow will never come. “Vai al mare,” he tells me again, insisting I am in the wrong place.

                In August, Italians go to the sea. Many elderly are left behind. The beach sands are packed with umbrellas and chairs. You rent a chair and umbrella and they set them up in rows. I don’t want to look at water. I want to look into the faces of cousins whom I’d never met. I don’t want to look at cliffs. I want to see the lines on their hands, the contours of their noses. I want gli abbracci forti—strong hugs, from those that know a lifetime has passed between us. I don’t want to be out in the hot sun. I want to be in the shade of my cousins’ voices; those sonorous resonant with a patina of hoarseness–– Lanzillotta vocal tones.

                As the heat rises, I walk out of the cemetery and drive to the church dedicated to the town saint, my family saint, Beato Giacomo. My godmother Archangel prayed novenas to him especially the couple of times I had cancer. I had to continue my pilgrimage and thank Beato Giacomo for his part in my cure. All my life I’d heard his name but didn’t know anything specific about him. My aunts and uncles gave me his holy cards, where he’s holding his big bastone—a walking stick, or on his knees staring up in adoration at la Madonna. I parked close to the church entrance, and as I stepped out of the car found a shiny gold coin at my foot. That’s my father talkin’ to me, tellin’ me I’m on the right path. My father always spun quarters with me since I was a baby. Quarters he flicked into fast shiny silver pirouettes across the maple dining room table, mesmerizing me. He could get six going at once. Somehow the dead move coins. It’s metallurgy.

                I walk into the church feelin’ lucky with my gold coin, and step up to the altar, and there, above the altar, is Beato Giacomo himself! He’s right there! His whole body. He’s wearing his Franciscan robe. He’s “incorrotto,”—uncorrupted. Rigor mortis never set in. His hands are folded. He’s barefoot. He looks like my father. He’s got a brow like a Lanzillotta, a blunt nose, real lips, and a kind expression. Since he’s right there, I talk out loud to him: “Thanks a lot for curing me of the cancers. I’m so startled to see you. No one told me you were here. You look like my father. Certamente siamo cugini! I gotta walk around and clear my head. I’ll be back.” I walk around the church in a bit of shock and come upon a reliquary, a carved gold pedestal with glass windows. Inside is a bone. A sign next to it reads: il dito di Beato Giacomo. It’s his finger! A big finger. Long. With three joints. A finger encased in glass and gold. An old man comes and stands face to face and worships in a whisper to the finger. He leans on his bastone—cane, and tells me, “Beato Giacomo aiutava tutti.”—Blessed Giacomo helped everybody. The man’s face lights up as he tells me stories. He has a sweet countenance, flushed, round and ripe with full-blooded soft skin, the combination of faith and daily doses of homemade vino and olio d’oliva. His name, like my father, is Giuseppe. There’s always a Joseph to guide me. It’s always been this way. Giuseppe tells me that before Beato Giacomo was beatified, receiving the honorific “Beato,” he was known as Fratello Giacomo or Fra’ Giacomo, a Franciscan brother. In the last years of his life, he took care of victims of the plague of 1482. Born on the century, in 1400, Fra’ Giacomo was eighty-two himself, yet he served everyone. He lived in a state of uninterrupted prayer, tending the garden, growing vegetables and cooking for all the brothers and anyone else who was hungry. He fell into ecstatic states of rapture while cooking and gardening. As the story goes, the Franciscan brothers in Bitetto loved fava beans. Beans were expressions of both humility and interior richness. Lives could be saved with nutrient rich beans. Meat was a luxury the poor could never afford. Once, as Fra’ Giacomo stirred a big cast iron pot of fava beans, he stared off into the fire underneath the cast iron pot and entered a state of rapture. As Giuseppe recounted this story, I pictured angels helping Beato Giacomo with the stirring rhythm of the tall wooden spoon around the cast iron cauldron over the fire, the wooden spoon carved from a branch of an olive tree. Giuseppe went on to tell me that while Fra’ Giacomo stirred the fava beans around and around in his ecstatic state, he wept in spiritual rapture and his tears fell into the pot of fava. In this way, he salted the beans with his tears. The fava’lacrime—fava salted with tears were considered blessed. When the Archduke of Conversano came to eat, he could have had anything he wanted. There were offerings of goats and lamb, but the Archduke asked for the fava’lacrime di Fra’ Giacomo. He insisted on eating the fava beans salted with Giacomo’s tears. To this day it’s said to be a blessing. I marvel at the idea of reaching a state of spiritual ecstasy while stirring beans, while performing any mundane task. He wasn’t meditating in seclusion on a mountaintop, he was just stirring beans. I gotta hand it to my ancestors. This is in line with who we are. You’re on a spiritual quest? You wanna reach Nirvana? Stir a pot of fazool.

                Giuseppe went on to tell me another story. Fra’ Giacomo was in the garden with one of the Bitettese girls who is remembered as being disobedient. Fra’ Giacomo threatened to beat the girl to discipline her. He raised his stick overhead, but instead of striking her, threw the stick into the ground on a downward thrust like a javelin, and it speared the earth. The stick began to grow in place. It took root in the garden. The stick is still there to this day, six hundred years later.   Every year the stick grows. Now, it’s about ten feet tall. At the top, it is shaped like a divining rod, a V shape crook where one could rest an armpit.

                As Giuseppe told me this story, his face become enamored, his eyes and forehead opened, in love as he was with the saint, yet I felt more and more uncomfortable, my face squinched, pinched between my eyes. My walls went up. This is what passes for a miracle in my grandparents’ town? To not beat a girl! Given how I was brought up, this made sense in the basest of ways. Women were subjugated every step of the way every day. No wonder I never wanted to be a girl. In my childhood, violence was la vita quotidiana—daily life: yelling, rage, smacks, servitude, domination. I rebelled at an early age. You want me to serve my elder brothers coffee? What a you crazy! If this is what being female means, I want no part of it. Let my brothers clear my dishes. I’m gonna lean back on my chair and put my feet up on the table. Something was always raised overhead, a belt, a knife, a flat open hand. Men were ready to strike women. I’ll never forget the open hand of my father’s hand above my mother, above me. The very word fratello—brother, feels violent to me, it might as well be a curse word, the ultimate F word. In my lived experience, I’d say it’s common for Italian-American brothers to be raised to believe they should be served by their sisters, and that they have dominion over their sisters, and sometimes their mothers, particularly as their mothers age. I know Italian-Americans do not corner the market on this behavior, but like I said, I’m writing from what I’ve experienced and witnessed. My mother, in the absence of my father, would often threaten me with: “I’m gonna call your brother!” I thought back to the femminicidio walls in Napoli and Roma; hundreds of posters of women who were mostly all killed by men they knew or were related to. Feminicide. I don’t hear this word being used much in American parlance, but we should use it. In Italy it’s recognized as endemic, the history of honor killings in a culture where men are groomed to feel the right to beat and kill their women: brothers to sisters, husbands to wives, fathers to daughters, boyfriends to girlfriends. And what am I to think of this miracle of Beato Giacomo? What message is this to Bitettese boys? “You wanna be a saint? Drop it! Drop it!” This is where I come from. This is where my father comes from, and his father and his father and his father. This stick in the garden that is venerated. This stick at all. And this is the stick on the holy cards I was given as a child. And this is the stick on the cards I was given the two times I had life-threatening cancers in my teen and young adult years. This stick. This stick. I feel it sticking inside me right now. And it hurts.

                All these thoughts jolt through me in a flash as I next asked Giuseppe, who now seemed like an apparition to me, about the finger. What of the finger? Why is the finger encased in gold? Why isn’t it kept with the rest of Beato Giacomo’s body? What’s special about the finger? Why is it over here away from him? Giuseppe told me that in 1619, Donna Felicia Di Sanseverino, La Duchessa di Gravina, a duchess, came to worship the body of Beato Giacomo and asked the Franciscan brothers if they could open the glass crypt, so she could kiss his hand. Baciare la mano is a supreme honor. Since she was a duchess, the friars nodded and unlocked the glass crypt. As Felicia bent down to kiss his hand, instead of kissing the hand, she opened her mouth and bit off his finger! She hid the finger. She hid the finger. I imagine she tucked it inside her brassiere, where Italian women tuck money and pin holy medals of saints and have all kinds of nicknames for that place, including il banco—the bank. Where else would a Barese woman hide a finger she just bit off a dead saint?

                Felicia stepped down, thanked the monks, and headed for the door. As the brothers opened the church doors to escort her out, the sky turned black. Winds came. Furious winds and rain and thunder took hold of the chapel doors and blew them open like sails. The monks wrestled the tempest so the doors wouldn’t blow off their hinges. They couldn’t get the doors closed again. Il Scirocco raced up from the Sahara, over the Mediterranean, hot, humid, and low, spiraling sand into Felicia’s mouth and ears, making her scirocazza—crazy from the sandy wind whirling loudly in her ear canals. Il Maestrale came from Greece, across the Adriatic, swirling and fickle and lifted her gown and snapped her cape and ripped the hat off her head. Down from the mountains, sweeping down the spine of the boot, La Tramontana whipped an ice-cold slap across her face and whacked her from behind!

                Felicia fell to her knees and cried. She revealed the finger to the brothers and confessed that she’d coveted it for her private collection of saints’ bones, but apparently Beato Giacomo fiercely protested. On the spot, she declared two vows. The skies quieted and became blue again, blue as the gown of La Madonna. One, she pledged a commission of a carved silver and gold reliquary to house Beato Giacomo’s blessed finger for eternity. Two, she pledged to construct a straight thoroughfare, the straightest street anyone ever saw in this labyrinthine town, a street linking the crypt of Beato Giacomo directly to il centro—the center of town. A straight uninterrupted street, a sign of honor and for pageantry. All who stood in the town center would forever see a direct path to Beato Giacomo. There would be no chance for wrong turns. No one would get lost in alleyways trying to find him ever ever again. Sempre dritta!— Always straight! Bitetto would be oriented toward Beato Giacomo every moment, every day, an open boulevard to the venerated saint.

                And every year, for the past four hundred years, on April 27th, marking his death date, male devotees dress in powder blue capes, white veils, skirts, white gloves, and carry on a bier of white roses, the finger of Beato Giacomo up the straight street Via Beato Giacomo from his crypt to the center of town and around the labyrinthine streets. Centuries later Roma followed suit constructing Via della Conciliazione connecting the body of St. Paul at The Vatican to Hadrian’s ashes in Castel Sant’Angelo, the heart of the ancient empire.

                I returned to the cemetery every morning, morning after morning, for the better part of a week and sat on the bench talking with the ladies with their brooms and rags and buckets. It was an ad-hoc sunrise club, a secret community of elders, all at the cemetery at sunrise, sweeping marble slabs, buffing headstones with wet rags, arranging amulets, flowers, and candles, praying and caregiving the spirit world. I meditated and walked through different sections of the graveyard. One morning I came upon my great-grandparents’ graves: Arcangela Scigliuti and Saverio Cianciotta. Arcangela means a high-ranking angel. I always loved that name. That’s my godmother’s name, my father’s sister, named after this Arcangela. One high ranking angel named for another. I felt protected by these angels of rank and power. I wiped the pine needles away with my yellow bandana and stood there praying. Then I aimed my cell phone and clicked a photo.

                Il Custode, “The Hand,” saw me, approached, and shouted, “No foto! No foto!” Then he resumed his barrage: “Vai al mare! Al mare! Al mare!”—Go to the sea! To the sea! To the sea!   The Hand motioned east toward the sea. I’m not interested in vacation. I asked him again about the names on the list I’d given him. In his office was a computer. How hard could it be to look up the names? In a New York cemetery this would be a simple task. The office gives you a map with your section and row circled. But here I forgot how things work. I was supposed to “grease his palm,” and it didn’t occur to me. Normally I’m a big tipper, but in some circumstances I forget, like in a cemetery or a church. I forget that in sacred spaces money is expected to fly around, out of your pockets and into their coffers. Americans especially are expected to be laden with greenbacks like pine needles falling from the tall trees. Looking back now as I write this, I realize, if I’d whipped out dollars, he would have ingratiated me. I guess I wasn’t listening to my father’s voice inside me, or the mosquitos or spirits nudging me with messages, the gold coin at my feet.  

                On my fourth or fifth morning, after realizing I wasn’t going away until I fulfilled my quest, The Hand made a pole-vault gesture, a motion that signaled to me that the bodies had been thrown over the far cemetery wall. I was confused. Finally, The Hand waved for me to follow him. We walked down the slope to the far end of the graveyard to an open area the size of a basketball court. We went around the side and he bent down, guiding me to peer through a little window covered by an iron grate in the side wall. I bent down beside him and looked inside. I saw a vast underground cave with stacks of boxes lining the walls.

                “L’ossario!” he said. The bone place.

                He went on to explain that after some years, he recycles the graves, washes the bones, and puts them in these boxes. Every All Soul’s Day, November 1st, the priest says mass on top of the cave of bones for all the ancestors of the town.

                “Quattr’ossa!” he summarized the human condition. We all boil down to four long bones.

                So this is where my great-great grandparents are? The Hand himself washed the bones of my ancestors? I felt as hollow as that big open cave. I stared at his hand. I thought of my great-grandparents. Bones in a box in a cave. I can’t stand beside them, or pray to a porcelain portrait of their beautiful faces, or sweep pine needles off their graves, or wash the lettering of the longest spellings of their names carved on their gravestones. Another layer of being American in the paese naiveté was peeled back. I had to learn my culture one shock at a time. This was a hard one.

                The next morning, I sat and talked with the old ladies of what I came to think of as the cemetery sunrise club. They’d accepted me on their bench by now and invited me to pray at the graves of their departed. One woman kept a glass altar for her son who died at twenty-seven in a motorcycle accident. She arranged talismans inside the glass case: photos, a motorcycle statuette, a red candle, and the red and black leather jacket he wore when he rode.

                Another woman befriended me. Her name was Anna, like mine. She was interested in my quest to find the graves of my dead and also my living cousins. Anna was the doppelganger of one of my Italian American butch friends back home, which made me love her instantly. I have a passion for strong unadorned women, whether of the heel of the boot, or my butch friends back home, and I love when my Italian American butch friends look like little old Italian ladies, myself included. Gender can be layered on or stripped off. As a teenager with cancer, I felt the accoutrements of gender expression stripped off me, stripped bare. I can put it on either way, moustache or mascara. I can also strip it away. I like that zone. I love the little old Italian lady inside every New York Italian butch dyke I know. And here in the heel of the boot, these women to me, were butch strong in their own way. Heel of the boot women, sturdy as tree trunks, who don’t hide their strength or disdain, who don’t play to the male gaze, who aren’t appeasing—in any way, shape, or form. And just as that cliché phrase entered my thoughts, I understood on a new level, the “way” and “shape” and “form” of us women who don’t contort our bodies to snake charm the phallus. We do in fact embody different ways, shapes, and forms. The trick as a butch dyke is how to skate not taking on the male gaze yourself, or knowing how much you do and when, and how you rein it in, steering attraction to women to where it’s welcome, and how to know where and when it’s welcome. Tricky terrain. The butch gaze is transgressive by necessity. To get any action, one must, one must transgress.

                Anna told me to follow her. She walked with her cane over the uneven ground. I followed her down the third aisle of graves, turned right by a more modern tall wall of names on crypts, then turned left to another lot of the cemetery where her husband’s grave was set in the ground. She wiped the stone with her rag, turned on a red battery-op candle, and I joined her as she quietly recited the Ave Maria ending by making the sign of the cross. Mosquitoes and blades of sun pricked my neck from different angles. I veered into a swath of shade and snapped my bandana to keep the mosquitos away. Anna walked on and waved me to follow her. She stepped up through the arch to leave the cemetery and told me to drive behind her. I figured we might go for colazione. I didn’t realize she’d taken on my mission now, to find my living cousins.

                Anna drove a grey Fiat Panda. I drove behind her. She drove swiftly and adeptly through the streets by the olive tree fields on the outskirts of Bitetto taking turns fast and confidently toward the center of town. She pulled her Panda into an alley near the Cathedral and left the car blocking the alley. She walked me to the street of my cousin’s address, the same abandoned street I had found a few days before. But she didn’t stop there. Anna stepped a few doors down and rang a bell of the first occupied house. A woman appeared on a balcony three flights up. Anna yelled up to her in Bitettese. This is how my Bronx ear heard what she said:

                “Mmoh! Uè! Teng sta na Merr-kahn, chiann Lanz-il-lot-ta, Yann.            

                Eeyosh stamme va dende, c’e cos iè u fatte. Ma terrestr’ yeh a ken ye sacch.

                Ca deesh a me va vol’ achianne pperr parient’

                na cggin’ uagnone Lanz-il-lot-ta Pasqualeen.

                U marritt’ a Vincenz. Tu i canush?”

                Roughly, I understood her to say: “Hey I have here this American named Anna Lanzillotta who doesn’t know her cousins, but says she has some. She’s looking for her relative named Pasqualina Lanzillotta, who has a husband, Vincenzo.

                The lady on the roof, threw up her hands. Anna walked on. I followed. She instructed me to take her folding chair out of the back of her car. She sat on an abandoned corner outside the cathedral. I leaned against the stone wall. Anna employed her second strategy to help me on my quest, namely—shouting to passers by. We were cut from the same cloth.

               “Hey that guy’s related to a Cianciotta!”  She called him over, an old man on his bicycle, and began the conversation. Then she’d go to the next, “I think this lady’s related to a Lanzillotta.” In this way we talked with a bunch of people, all who denied being related to me or knowing my cousins. The sun was directly overhead, and I was ready to give up for the afternoon. Wasn’t it time for an espresso? One by one the people came to talk with us, but no one seemed interested. Only Anna dedicated herself to my cause. A man shouted from the alleyway. I walked over to identify the source of the commotion. He was in a wheelchair and couldn’t get through, the way Anna parked her Panda. She had to back out a little bit to accommodate him. Then she resumed her post on the chair in the shade.

                A lady approached us, a little fancier than the others, and because of the approaching lunch hour, interrogated Anna about me. It was almost the hour of il pranzo. Her questioning took that thematic turn. “Ma dove ke si mangge’? Caza du?”—Where will she eat lunch? Your house? Are you taking her home for lunch? Maybe if you can find the cousin, they can feed her. That’s the right way.

                Anna waved me on, to her third strategy. We drove through the streets to a newer part of town. She knocked on a door. A young energetic lady came out and after a brief exchange, nodded her head and ran back inside. Then she came out with an iPad. She looked at the local directory of people, and streets. Ahh, she figured it out! There are three streets with the same name. Because the streets in the town were named after WWI soldiers who had been killed in action, there were three streets with the same name for three brothers who had been killed. The streets were differentiated with the initial of the first name. Further complicating our search, there were streets in Bitetto vecchio—the old section of town––whose names were replicated in the new part of town. We drove to the second street on our list and found the house number. Anna rang the bell hard. A woman popped out on a rooftop. Anna yelled up:

                “Mmoh! Uè! Teng sta na Merr-kahn, chiann Lanz-il-lot-ta, Yann.            

                Eeyosh stamme va dende, c’e cos iè u fatte. Ma terrestr’ yeh a ken ye sacch.

                Ca deesh a me va vol’ achianne pperr parient’

                na cggin’ uagnone Lanz-il-lot-ta Pasqualeen.

                U marritt’ a Vincenz. Tu i canush?”

                The woman hollered she has no idea who the people are. By now I’m ready to pass out in the heat. I don’t know how Anna keeps going. I tell her that’s enough for today. I’m ready for an espresso, and there’s always tomorrow. I’m getting that Mediterranean/Middle Eastern mentality, domani, domani—tomorrow, tomorrow; bukra insh’Allah—tomorrow if Allah wills. Anna waves me on. We drive to the third street. Again, we do the routine. Ring the bell. This time, I step back. A man calls down the stairs. Anna yells up:

                “Mmoh! Uè! Teng sta na Merr-kahn, chiann Lanz-il-lot-ta, Yann.            

                Eeyosh stamme va dende, c’e cos iè u fatte. Ma terrestr’ yeh a ken ye sacch.

                Ca deesh a me va vol’ achianne pperr parient’

                na cggin’ uagnone Lanz-il-lot-ta Pasqualeen.

                U marritt’ a Vincenz. Tu i canush?”

                “Aspetta nu pic” the man says—wait a sec—and he goes and gets his wife, and there at the top of the stairs is this beautiful face with big brown sweet eyes and cheeks as vast as la murgia.

                And I yell: “Io sono la nipot’ di Carmine Lanzillotto, figlio di – Mangiasard’.

                And at the mention of my great grandfather’s soprannom’, she grabs her face, and her eyes fill with tears: “Mangiasard’!” she cries, “Assomiglianze!”—You have a resemblance!

                She recognizes my cheeks as vast as la murgia and opens her arms to pull me in. I climb the stairs and fall into her hug, the hug I’ve craved for so long. The circle is complete in the only way it could be.

                Anna waved goodbye with a big smile and got back in her Panda. My cousins invited her in, but she said she had to go. We all yelled profuse thanks as she sped away.

                I went inside and the story begins. The story of getting to know my cousin, and of her introducing me to more cousins and of me biting grapes right off their vines. Pasqualina cooked feast after feast through the August heat with the wisdom of generations of women’s hands. We ate to catch up on a century. Here, in her words, are the names of some of the miraculous delicacies she cooked: Melanzane ripiene con ouva, formaggio, pomodoro—stuffed eggplant with egg, cheese, tomato; melanzane a pezzettini—chopped eggplant; peperoni piccoli fritti—small hot fried peppers; fiori di zucchini fritti—fried zucchini flowers; fiori di zucchini fatti in padella con agli’olio e menta—zucchini flowers in the pan with garlic, oil and mint; funghi fatti in padella agli’olio—mushrooms in the pan with garlic and oil; and in honor of Mangiasard’, sarde fritti—sardines sautéd with the touch of the ancients. Then there were greens, the freshest of greens, the salads and desserts and pasta, and fava and ceci and who can recount even half of it!? We ate, we took naps, we sat over the next couple of weeks and talked of the century and our lives. We sat in the Maestrale winds at night on her terrace. We broke open black figs—i couloumb. We ate pistachio gelato in the piazza. We walked a passeggiata arm in arm. I became close with her daughters and husband in no time at all. In hours we traversed a century. They found a fan to point at me, L’Americana who couldn’t take the heat, as I napped on their couch in the afternoon heat, dreaming of ancestors and beautiful cousin after cousin, and biting the grapes directly from their vines, and thinking of the miles of walls and all the stones pulled out of the land by the hands of Grandpop and Mangiasard, and all the hands and all the stones and all the walls.

                I bought a piece of sky blue oaktag and a box of colored pencils named Giotto, and over the weeks filled in details of the family tree: who crossed the ocean, who returned, who stayed. It struck me—all the gaps in the tree. Where are the gay ancestors? Where are the poets? What stories are missing? All the missing stories. How did some of the women die young? Women’s stories. I even thought of Duchess Felicia and wondered why she really bit off the saint’s finger, and was it his finger? Women’s stories. Unburied washed bones. The family tree seemed more to me like a grapevine with inter-tangled roots, cousins marrying cousins, names repeated over and over, and on my vine, I am the last grape at the bottom of the page, never marrying, never having children, and wishing my books and songs and poems could count somehow in the family. All as grapes on that vine. We are all as grapes on that vine.

  • Two Poems – Dante Fuoco

    Arrival 
    Every day I am running late. 
    It means you stay, stay 
    longer than others

    a friend tells me. I 
    like this friend. I wait 
    for her at a café

    even though we’ve made 
    no plans to meet. I’m 
    always waiting for people

    it seems. Once, or maybe 
    many times, I was waiting 
    for a sentence to end

    for so long I thought 
    it never would, so I 
    left. But then it did

    and I was late again. 
    My father says I used 
    to be nice. My college

    friends don’t say a thing. 
    I’m waiting for the courage 
    to dawdle on the sidewalk

    knowing full well how 
    infuriating this may seem 
    how inconsequential my gait

    is in a world that is 
    tearing. In a world 
    that is tearing I am

    waiting for love. That 
    is, I am in love. That 
    is: I never left the

    room that held this love 
    despite my being 
    summoned away. Who

    waits for their heart to send 
    itself away? No one, of 
    course, for love is its own

    clock. I’m running late 
    because I like to stay. 
    I like ticking

    the abacus into a song. 
    I like counting grains 
    of wood. I’d like

    another piece of bread 
    please. He and I, we 
    stay in that room, our

    own little city. We 
    take the butter, the kind 
    others lampoon, and

    we wait for it to 
    melt into our wrinkles 
    into our hands.

    Forecast 
    The wind callouses the world, I think

    I think because the world calloused me 
    and never left a mark (only the thought of 
    one) that we can be whipped this way 
    and that and call it weather.

  • The Best We Can at the Time

    The Best We Can at the Time

    Laura’d been taking birth control pills behind her husband’s back, keeping them hidden in the tampons.

    She could not articulate why she did not want a child, smiled apologetically when people asked if she and Wyatt were trying, especially people from the campaign. Wyatt was running for state senate on the Republican ticket and, every night, he pressured her.

    “We could inseminate,” he said, flipping channels with the remote, light from the television projecting out in a beam so that everything but him was in darkness, “Put the kid together in a test tube.”

    “Like on Jurassic Park?” she asked.

    “I was thinking more like Gattaca,” then he changed the channel again.

    He might have meant it, he might not, but that didn’t keep Wyatt from continuing to try the old-fashioned way, pounding into Laura like his dick was a hammer and her body a Habitat home. He tracked her ovulation, watching every morning as she prodded the basal body thermometer in her mouth. Each week before her time, she thought about crushing the thing: taking it out to the driveway and tossing it on the pavement, driving back and forth, pummeling it down to smithereens. That’s what she wanted — not some plastic little stick with a gauge on the end giving him a number. Smithereens.

    “Maybe we’ll get lucky tonight, huh, babe?” Sex in the morning, sex in the evening, Wyatt coming home early from work for sex, and more sex. If he’d had this much virility their entire marriage, she might not have grown disenchanted, the dopamine it released continuing to mask her need as infatuation and her longing as love.

    Each time he approached she said nothing, arms wrapping around her from behind as she tried to go about the most basic of things. Like making cookies, which was what she was doing today when he eased up out of nowhere, Laura not even having heard him come in. “Hi, hotness. Your temperature says it’s time.”

    Laura had already mixed in the flour, every turn getting thicker. As her left arm worked the batter, Wyatt slid his hands along her body. She twisted her arm to get a better angle on the bowl, bumping her butt out a micro-degree. He took this as a response, as some triggering deep down in her loins, and moved one hand to her breast, the other below.

    “I’m making cookies,” she said.

    “You’re baking something alright,” dick growing firm, “Stir harder.”

    ***

    Wyatt had been married once before. That had actually been one reason Laura kept going out with him: In a state that was slim pickings, she knew he had staying power. He was not divorced — rather a widower — and there was something to having never left anyone that Laura admired. And, in the early days, he’d been a fantastic listener. But the deeper Wyatt got into his campaign, the less Laura felt she could voice. The night of this year’s Lincoln-Reagan Dinner, he’d asked she not wear the blue dress he’d always loved seeing her in before. After a fundraising event in Mercer County, “I would prefer you not tell people you’re for gay marriage.”

    When Laura said, “Laura Bush is,” Wyatt just shrugged. “W didn’t run in Kentucky.”

    No, she thought, he was from Texas which is worse, but that was the night Laura decided not to argue, to choose her battles, knowing there’d be more to fight, like “You’d have to be crazy to trust the government with your healthcare” or “Stop calling the president a racist.”

    “But he is racist,” Laura said, and Wyatt just looked away.

    Two weeks after the cookie incident, she was not pregnant. “Sorry, baby.”

    “Let me see it,” Wyatt reached for the stick. He’d started sitting outside the bathroom while she peed, something Laura had asked him not to do, but he said, “I’m just so excited. I can’t even wait long enough for you to come out and let me know.”

    She did not wipe it down first.

    “Damn it,” he muttered, then “Laura, what are we going to do?”

    Buy stock in First Response, she thought, as many of those things as we buy, but instead she said, “I don’t know. What do you think?”

    “I think you should go to a specialist.”

    Laura flushed the toilet and washed her hands. “Do we have to discuss this now?” trying to figure out what to say next. Wyatt was sitting on the bed and had laid the stick on the comforter beside him. Great, she thought, now there’s urine on the bedspread.

    “If we don’t talk about it now,” he said, “I don’t know when we will. I mean, for Pete’s sake, babe, it’s been a year.”

    “I thought for sure that time with the cookies did it.” Laura looked down at the floor as though she were embarrassed by the thought of her own infertility, a barren wasteland of woman ashamed.

    “Is there anything you should tell me?” he said, and for a moment she thought he’d found the pills. “Does infertility run in your family? Maybe a riding accident when you were young?”

    “A horse. You think riding horses can make a woman infertile.”

    He gestured vaguely, muttering, “I don’t know how all that,” pointing toward her stomach, “works.”

    “You should,” she said, “You want to legislate it,” then “Not now,” Wyatt sighed.

    Abortion was the one issue upon which he never wavered: Morally and ethically, the man was honest to goodness pro-life, sincerely believing each collection of cells was truly alive: a beating heart, a burgeoning mind that needed a woman’s body to grow. She hadn’t even brought it up, hadn’t broached the topic at all, three months into their relationship, then one night between dessert and the check, Wyatt had looked her in the eyes and said she was amazing, that she was the smartest woman he’d met in his life, “But Laura, there’s something I have to know — something I need you to know: I can’t get serious — can’t start thinking marriage — with a woman who’s pro-choice,” and she sat across the table stunned from the abruptness of it all.

    Of course he was pro-life. He was an upper-class white man from Anchorage, Kentucky. They all were pro-life come election time, but at the moment this very life began to expand, slipped their mistresses cash, whispering “Be done with it.”

    She picked up her purse, ready to storm out in protest, when he opened his wallet and took it out — an ultrasound — and smoothing the wrinkles down, patting each corner, said, “My wife was pregnant when she died,” and what could she say to that.

    Laura squeezed her eyelids tight to block the memory, to stop thinking about how the longer they went out, Wyatt talked more and more about how badly he wanted kids. She had known it when they married, had told herself it would not be a problem. Her body, her beliefs and neither was his to approve.

    “We need to find out why you can’t get pregnant,” Wyatt calmly said. “I’ll make you an appointment with Charlie Toms.”

    Dr Toms was Lexington’s top fertility specialist, helping wives crank out conservative babies one at a time. Dr Toms can go to hell, she thought, then said, “What makes you think it’s me?”

    Wyatt stood up and slipped his arm around her, took a firm grip on her waist. “I know you’re not ovulating,” he smiled, “but that doesn’t mean we can’t try,” and as Laura matched her lips to his, pressing slightly, she wondered how long she could pretend. One more hammer to build a home, one more fake orgasm. “Honey, I want a baby. Don’t you?”

    “Of course,” she said, then pushed her husband down on the bed.

    ***

    Dr Toms’ office was cold. It wasn’t that the staff was rude or the decor austere; it was physically cold and Laura wrapped her arms across her body, rubbing hands on top of shoulders.

    “Don’t be nervous,” Wyatt said. “The doctor’ll probably just give you vitamins or something.”

    She loved how he continued to think this was her fault — well, technically it was, but Wyatt didn’t know that. He just assumed they hadn’t conceived because something was wrong with her lady works, that she’d been made defective. Twenty percent of the time infertility was the man and only the man. They don’t make enough swimmers, she had read, their sperm isn’t fertile, something crooked in their penises keeps it from coming out at the right angle. Laura had learned far more about fertility in the week before the appointment than she’d ever wanted to know, searching online with incognito browser, trying to find some scientific excuse she could give Wyatt.

    There was a ninety-nine-point nine percent chance that Wyatt would not go into the examining room with her, that he would sit in this cold room reading out of date copies of National Review while smiling at the receptionist, boobs snugged tight in a Monica Lewinsky sweater. She looked remarkably like Wyatt’s first wife. “She was eighteen weeks,” he had said on their date, “car wreck,” fingers brushing the ultrasound, “Don’t tell me she wasn’t a person.” And when Laura saw the way he looked at that picture, how his face, his voice, his body was changing, she thought, there’s something about this man, something that knows how to stay by his commitments, something that knows how to love.

    “Laura Walker?” called the nurse.

    “It’s alright,” Wyatt said, “You go on back without me.”

    ***

    Dr Toms was a woman — something Laura hadn’t been expecting — and as soon as she came in the room, Laura pointed it out, Dr Toms laughing, “Is that a problem?” in response.

    “No, no,” she apologized, saying she was glad, that she preferred female doctors to male because actually she did. The sheer fact that the doctor was a woman made Laura feel free, like she no longer had to concoct some fake medical excuse to not have a child.

    Smiling, Dr Toms pushed her glasses up her nose. “It’s the name. My mom thought Charlie would earn me more respect” and, crossing her legs as she sat in the corner, she flipped open Laura’s chart. “So,” she asked, “how long have we been trying?” and Laura blurted, “I’m on the pill.”

    “Okay. I’m just taking a shot in the dark here, Laura, but that’s probably why we aren’t getting pregnant.”

    “Wyatt — my husband — he wants a child,” and looking at her hands, again felt ashamed.

    Dr Toms stepped forward and slowly took Laura’s wrist, wrapping two fingers above and one below, then looked at her watch and counted. “Let’s take your blood pressure. When was your last pap? Regular self-breast checks?” and Laura thought about the time Wyatt saw her pinching her nipples in the shower, thought she was masturbating, and tried to fuck her.

    “Yes,” she said, “the first of every month.”

    “Do you smoke?,” directing Laura’s feet to the stirrups, “Drink?,” then asking her to lay down, felt Laura’s breasts for lumps. “So why don’t you want children?”

    “I — I just don’t,” she said, gown open to the front, always the front, bare.

    “Then just tell him,” picking up the speculum and swinging around the light as she squatted on a stool between Laura’s legs.

    “It’s not that easy,” feeling the goo, the metal slide in, “I got an abortion in college and he’s pro-life,” and at that Dr Toms stopped, holding the pap swab mid-air.

    “That’s not in your chart,” she said, and “Neither is the fact that I’m on the pill,” Laura laughed before realizing she was the only one who got the joke.

    “Look,” she said, legs spread, gown open, “I grew up without a dad.”

    “I don’t understand.” Dr Toms prodded in the swab. “You’re married. This is not a single-parent household situation.”

    “I wasn’t then. And I don’t have to justify myself to you.”

    Dr Toms said nothing, simply stirred around the pap.

    “It’s a personal decision,” Laura said, cervical spatula moving round and round, removing cells from her body even now as she spoke, “and I wouldn’t have gotten any support from the father — none at all. It would not have been loved. I wouldn’t have loved it, he wouldn’t have loved it, and we all do the best we can at the time. I made the responsible decision,” not even sure now she believed it, thighs falling farther and farther apart. “I did the responsible thing. I went on the pill. I went on the pill so I’d never need another one,” and sliding the metal out, Dr Toms said, “Your husband doesn’t know?”

    Laura hated gynecological exams, hated them deep in her soul and as she folded her knees back together, the empty wet oozed between her legs.

    “You’ll get your results in a week,” the doctor pulled off her gloves, “and in the meantime, you might want to consider telling your husband the truth.”

    In the lobby, though, the only thing Laura could say was “I don’t want to talk about it,” pushing past Wyatt as he asked about a co-pay, ignoring the receptionist who looked like his wife, sitting in the car while Wyatt took forever to work out the bill, then ignoring the question he asked again and again the entire way to Man O War.

    “Trust me, sweetheart,” she said at the bypass, “You don’t want to know that much about how all this works,” then looking away, out the car window, whispered, “It can’t be fixed. It would — it would just kill me to have a child.” And the part of her that had wanted love, had wanted to love a man so compassionate that he’d wanted a baby who did not exist, knew Wyatt had lost one life already and would not pressure her to get pregnant again.

    Her husband remained silent all the rest of the way to the house, then pulling into the driveway said, “Maybe you should go on the pill.”

  • The Writing’s On the Wall

                And but Tweed was all like, “Yo, you gotta hear this shit — this shit is stupid!” And Dig’s hanging on to his every word, like “Yeah man, give it to me,” and I’m just hanging low, leaning over the bar, staring at all these bottles of all this Blue Curacao shit and thinking, man should I do another shot? And Tweed’s jabbering away about some cat he knows, “This cap from East New York, this goomba…” But I’m lost, ’cause by this time I’m three sheets to the wind shitfaced. And I’m eyeing the one chick in this place, the goth over there with the punk belt, sitting all by herself, and it’s just about this time I notice my bladder’s full.

                So while Tweed’s arms are flapping like some drunk monkey and Dig’s staring at him like he’s hypnotized, I leave them two by the bar, and they don’t notice me move ’cause it’s like seven beers past two a.m. and who the hell notices shit at that hour? Plus, it feels good to leave ’cause I’m starting to feel like I’m wasting my life with those fools, those fucking morons, and I just need to get away. So I walk into this cloud of cigarette smoke, like someone else’s dream, though they ain’t supposed to be smoking in this place, and somewhere in the back of the cloud is a bathroom, a little stinkhole, with shit around the bowl, writing all over the walls. I whip my dick out and shoot a stream somewhere. It don’t matter where it falls. Everything’s covered with piss anyway. And it feels good coming out, like a little blow job ’cause I’m drunk and stoned, and I start reading the stupid phrases on the wall, like “Arab 4 Life!” and an arrow pointing to it saying, “Fuck all ya cocksuckers!” Plus there’s all this wack shit, like maybe in Polish, lots of Poles in Greenpoint. Some Spanish amigo stuff and the usual suck my cock phone numbers for dope. I took it all in, you know? I was just taking a piss. And like right above the toilet paper was this big black writing that said, “G, you really should stop wasting your life with those two fools,” and I’m thinking what a coincidence, right, since everyone calls me “G” and I was just thinking the same thing when I was next to shithead one and two by the bar.

                So I finished my piss and looked at my face in the cracked mirror, trying to find my eyes behind all the writing. Maybe it was the light, but I was as pale as an Eskimo’s tit. Anyway, I fumbled back to the bar, feeling like crap, totally empty. So I ordered a beer. And Tweed’s still talking about getting laid and high at some party, and there’s this funky techno the DJ’s playing, and I start thinking how odd that this crappy little bar has some DJ playing till two a.m. Even though it was like eighty degrees, the dude’s got this black hoodie over his head, and he’s huddling over the turntable like the Grim Reaper come for your soul. I try to figure him out. Probably some washout clubbie who never got his real break and now he spends his nights high on weed and music, trying to forget the person he never was. Like everyone here, all these fuckers, who’ve got nothing left except beer. The music was cool though, some funky trip hop beats, and it took me out of the mood I was in so I could concentrate on what Tweed was trying to say.

                “When she moved back in wit’ her man,” Tweed said, “that’s when the things got mad crazy.”

                “Yo, you dogged that bitch?” Dig said.

                Tweed smiled like the fucking Buddha, saying, “Man, that shit was so L!”

                They both cracked up while I sat next to them, trying to pretend like I’m into the conversation, drinking my beer and wondering what the fuck I can say to change the topic, to just add something that isn’t about weed or hos or fucking basketball. But Dig jumps in, starts talking about this party he went to, for this chick rap artist, “She passed me an L and said, ‘How you doing?’ and I said, ‘I’m doin’ just fine now…’”

               “L,” their new fucking word. Tweed and Dig pick them up like bums pick up change. And they spend them like crack whores who just won the lottery. And the fucked up thing is I start using them too. Everyone does. They’ve got a way of sneaking into your head. “L,” a blunt, a joint rolled in a cigar. “L,” sick, dope, hot, phat, like mad crazy. “L,” the fucking elevated train. Who knows what the hell it means today? We just say it. That’s how it goes here in Greenpoint.

                So now I’m getting pissed ’cause this is my thing when I’m drunk, I get mad angry, like smash shit, except I never got mad at Tweed and Dig before, but they’re always going on and on about weed and bitches and it just gets so goddamned old, you know? I’m looking for something new and fresh, like the sound the DJ was pumping that said there was more to this bar than their stupid conversation. So I turn my eye to the punk chick in the corner, but she don’t see me or just don’t care, so I down the beer and order another. The bartender’s got this long cigarette hanging from his lip and pours me a beer like I’ve killed his mom, total lack of joy. I smoked some weed a few hours before, had more beers than I could remember, but I can hold my shit, you know? I’m no lightweight. But at that moment I felt a clear light shine in my mind, like I was sober, and I just knew right then that I needed to talk to that girl with the punk belt, that all would be well once I spoke to her.

                I thought maybe I could bum a smoke and that would be my in. So she’s sitting alone just writing in her little book, empty beer glass next to her. And I think, just a quick piss to clear my gnads, make sure I don’t have a booger hanging from my nose, and I’ll be right back. So again I walk through that dream smoke to the bathroom, close the stall door and do my thing. I start reading the walls again. Now the black writing by the toilet paper says, “G, you aren’t listening. You’re just getting fucked up every day and going nowhere. Are you going to change your life or are you just going to waste away?”

                And now this really freaks me out, and I piss on my shoe by accident. I look around the bathroom, thinking, there’s another stall, right? But there isn’t. So maybe Tweed is playing another one of his sick jokes. But, no, he’s at the bar the whole time. He’s six foot four, with a bladder like Kansas. I run my hand over the writing, just to check, but it’s dry. By the little dots at the end of each letter I can tell it’s Sharpie. I used to tag all over the five boroughs with those things. They don’t ever wash off.

                So, fuck it, I think, just some freaky coincidence. Let’s go back and talk to that chick. Maybe she’s into S&M or bondage and likes to dress up in PVC, ’cause chicks with spiked belts like hers usually do. I spring out of the bathroom and slide up to her, and all stupid-like I say, “Hey, got another smoke?” She lifts her eyes to meet mine, and I’m stunned retarded. Her eyes are all shiny, crystal blue, even in the dim smoky light, and I’m totally mesmerized as she keeps me in her stare and reaches into her purse, pulls out a long Camel Light and hands me one. So this is Brooklyn, right, and there’s no smoking in the bars anymore, but no one gives a shit after midnight, especially in this forgotten place. It’s like some prohibition speakeasy, a place of the past, at least that’s what it feels like. So I’m thinking I’m Bogart or somebody, all smooth, all Roaring Twenties, and she’s probably thinking what a dork, and anyway I’m just standing there with this butt in my mouth waiting for her to give me a light.

                Instead, she says, “Sit down.”

                My balls start tingling ’cause my mind’s racing ahead to all the nasty things she’s gonna do to me, like tie me up and spank my bare ass with her belt, and I sit down, lean over and say, “What you drawing there?”

                She turns her sketch book upside down so I can see and she shows me this real sick picture, with bodies all mutilated and demons and dragons and all sorts of evil shit, then I glance back up into her eyes and see what’s so enchanting about them — she’s got this dark power, like a well that sucks you in over the edge. And my cock goes flaccid, just like that. I’m done with her, but before I get to stand she flicks her lighter and sticks the flame before my eyes. Now I’m thinking, should I take a light from this evil girl? And why do I get the feeling like there’s something more to this than just a light? Like some deal with the devil. But, you see, cigarettes are part devil too because before my mind decided, my body’s already leaning in to get the light.

                The nicotine soothes as it goes down, and suddenly my balls are tingly again, and I start making silent excuses why I shouldn’t hate this devil girl. She smiles at me and offers me her beer. I never saw, you know, when she got a new one, but soon I’m drinking again.

                So we start talking about all this trippy shit, like alien abductions and Mayan prophesies and CIA conspiracies. She tells me her soul’s from the Pleiades, that in a past life she was Native American shaman, that she’s gone deep undercover into the Illuminati, and while she’s talking my heart is pounding and my head is spinning like I’ve been dosed with acid. And I know she knows this, this devil girl, she knows the tricks she’s playing with my head, how it’s freaking me out and how she’s sucking me into her power. So I panic. I got to get away from this chick before she destroys my mind, and I’m up in second, through the dream smoke, and back into the bathroom again. And that’s when I remember the writing on the wall.

                Now, get this, I’m not making this up. You’re probably thinking, okay he’s been smoking weed, drinking all night, talking to some crazy chick, he probably just freaked himself out. I tried to tell myself the same. But I swear the next part is true. It gives me goose bumps just thinking about it. I read the writing above the toilet paper dispenser that said, “You’re hopeless, G. Look into the bowl and just die.”

                And I know I shouldn’t. That I should run out of the bathroom and get the fuck away from the bar before I lose my mind, but I’m a tool, a loser, hopeless just like the wall said. So I look down. Before I even flush, the water is spinning, spinning, colored chunks spiraling around, and I’m ready to puke, when I feel like I’m shrinking, and I can’t tear my eyes away from the spinning bowl. It’s like some hypnotist’s spiral, with death at the center. I’ve had some bad trips back in the day, but this was nothing like those. I was ripped from my soul, flushed down that toilet like a piece of dung.

                The next thing I know I’m puking on the floor of the bathroom, my body totally cold, and the toilet above me is overflowing. Somewhere I hear knocking, voices, maybe Tweed’s, and then a boom as someone breaks the lock.

                “Holy shit, you okay, man?” Tweed screams. As he grabs me I hear this commotion at the bar. I try to stand, pushing Tweed off me.

                “It’s the writing!” I say, screaming, spitting up again. “It’s talking to me.”

                And Tweed’s like, “Yo, you just trippin’ man! Chill!”

                I stand by the sink, my whole body shaking, and splash water on my face. I look at myself in the mirror. And the fucked up thing is I’m not pale anymore. My cheeks are flushed like I just ran laps around the bar. In the broken mirror I see the graffitied stall. My stomach turns as I see the scribbling above the toilet paper roll. You’d think I had enough, right? But I have to see what it says now, so I wobble over to the toilet and read. But there’s nothing there, nothing for me. Just some fluff about Republicans liking it up the ass and a poem by Octavio Paz.

                I turn to see Tweed frowning at me, like I’ve disappointed him somehow, and I notice that his hair is different. I remember it being parted on the other side. I follow him out into the bar all shaky, my legs weak, my vision clouded like I’ve been swimming in a chlorine pool all day. The cloud of dream smoke is gone and there’s this small crowd staring at me as I emerge. One stupid kid by the bar claps and cheers. Dig gets up from his stool, finally noticing that there’s something worth his attention going on. He offers me a drink. No, I tell him, sitting by the bar and swallowing gobs of water that the bartender’s pouring by the bucketful. He’s ready and waiting to pour a new glass as soon as I finish the last. He smiles and says, “You okay, kid?” I look at Dig and notice that on his chin he’s got this little red goatee that he didn’t have fucking fifteen minutes before, and instead of talking about weed and whores he says to Tweed, “Nietzsche’s solipsism was really a dialectic with himself.” Then they start talking about shit I didn’t even think they knew, and now I’m really fucking confused because all the bottles of Blue Curacao behind the bar have been replaced with rows and rows of red Grenadine.

                While I was in the bathroom the DJ took off his hoodie and now wears a white wife-beater with the arms cut off, sweat running down his chest, and he’s mixing some trance techno shit while staring right at me.

                The punk girl still sits in her booth, scribbling into her sketch book, when she looks up to meet my eyes. She waves me over. And though I don’t want to go, though I just want to go home and sleep, I walk over anyway and sit down, like I have no control.

                “You okay?” she says.

                “Yeah. Cool,” I say, “Just too much to drink.” But it’s a lie ’cause I’m still in total dread of what just happened, and I’m shivering like it’s twenty degrees.

               “Want to see another drawing?”

                And I think, no, no fucking way, but before I speak she turns her little book around to show me pictures of angels and cherubs and flowery gardens of delight. It reminds me of something from childhood that I can’t quite remember, and my heart breaks at the sight of it. And I’m warm all of a sudden, like hot from the inside. And I start looking right down her crotch where her punk belt is. I notice it’s wrapped the opposite way it was before — I notice these things — and then I glance up into her eyes, her fucking green eyes, not blue anymore, but bright green, like leaves in spring, sucking me into them just like before, only now the feeling is pleasant, blissful, a little heaven, and I want to fall into them forever. Then she grabs my wrist, pulls me slowly towards her, and whispers into my ear, “Do you want another beer?”

  • Two Poems – Marshall Mallicoat

    Speak, Father

    I became ancient in my own lifetime, 
    a life now splintered into anecdotes.

    I’ve bent my wisdom toward the thankless task 
    of getting money, piling up the filth.

    My office has no window but the mail slot, 
    a leering mouth with grime around its lips.

    It’s to this house of wax I nail my grievance. 
    (I’m free to write this bile since none will read.)

    Our forebears criticized this fallen nation 
    to grant us license to dismantle it.

    Speak, father. Tell me how you used to smolder. 
    Recount the failure of the Leveling.

    Remind me how we came, saddled with tears 
    of shame, to live in cities without children. 

    Sickbed of Emperor Cuitláhuac 

    To see is to use and in using to find 
    the tool’s end, and yours by way of it. 
    Underneath layers of sheets and heavy down 
    I am too hot to think and lay in languor. 
    There is a thing I desperately wish to say 
    but cannot find a place in which to pin it.

    Legions descend on me to abuse my illness, 
    surrounding my bed and posing me with riddles. 
    I have no answers. I sweat and roll my eyes 
    searching the purple face of my tormentor. 
    The candle’s wick diminished to a nub 
    issues one final belch of greasy smoke.

    I am the lord and emperor Cuitláhuac, 
    and I am now among the dead.

  • The Chair

    “The Chair,” the six-episode series written by actress/writer Amanda Peet and writer/academic Annie Julia Wyman, and produced by Game of Thrones duo David Benioff and D.B. Weiss, and Chair star Sandra Oh, has garnered much attention in recent weeks. Reviews mostly hailing the Netflix show as “brilliant,” “timely,” and “hilarious” have flooded the media. And the show’s release also lit up academic Twitter with a flurry of tweets that weighed in on what the series got right about academic life and what was left wanting in its depiction of the English department at Pembroke, the fictional college that provides the setting for the playing out of the culture wars on American college campuses today.

    The series deals specifically with challenges faced by Dr. Ji-Yoon Kim (Sandra Oh), the newly named Chair of the Pembroke English Department––challenges made still more intense due to Kim’s status as a first-ever-woman of color to hold the position. Within a hierarchy held in place by Dean Paul Larson (David Marsh), woke students and junior professors, and their more antiquated counterparts called “dinosaurs,” play out their opposing roles on a stage defined by the elusiveness of tenure for women of color, the lack of faculty diversity, gendered salary discrepancies, competing teaching philosophies, and a dwindling enrollment. All that is missing at Pembroke is a cadre of poorly paid adjuncts and graduate student instructors who stand in for more costly tenure-line professors, and whose labor currently makes up more than 60% of the teaching in real humanities departments in the US.

    The story unfolds in a plot that develops around three of Kim’s main challenges as Chair. The first: to bring Pembroke into the 21st century in terms of diversity and feminism by supporting Black Americanist assistant professor, Yaz McKay (Nana Mensah), during her run-up to tenure. Part of Kim’s plan involves suggesting that McKay co-teach Moby Dick with Melville scholar (and dinosaur), Eliot Rentz (Bob Balaban), rather than offer her own popular and heavily enrolled course, “Sex and the Novel.” Kim’s reasoning is that making such a change would most immediately solve the department’s enrollment issues by filling vacant seats in Rentz’ course with McKay’s overflow of students. Kim’s suggestion is also motivated by the hopes that it will also create a forum in which McKay can show off her talents as a teacher and her grasp of contemporary critical theory to Rentz, who is, it turns out, the head of her departmental tenure committee.  But though it is McKay who brings the students to the classroom, in Rentz’s mind it is he who is the serious scholar, and he quickly relegates his younger colleague to the level of a paper-distributing teaching assistant, as McKay had predicted he would.

    The inevitable complexity of this strange-bedfellows merger isn’t the sole cause of Kim’s defeat in her struggle to bring the department into the 21st century. Her plan to select McKay for the year’s Distinguished Lecturer Award is soon derailed by Dean Larson, who, seeking to appeal to alumni and donors, instead taps celebrity and former Yale ABD Beckett scholar, David Duchovny (played by himself), for the honor––though he had left the profession 30 years ago. Though Kim does manage to convince Duchovny to withdraw his candidacy, she doesn’t do it quite fast enough to head off a job offer from Yale to McKay, an offer which comes with the promise of an endowed chair, an expedited tenure process, and a hefty salary. McKay, of course, considers the offer, accusing Kim of abandoning her mission to diversify the faculty by kowtowing to an antiquated academic structure and value system.

    Kim’s second and central challenge as the new Chair arises from her dealings with the charming and popular professor, Bill Dobson (Jay Duplass), who after arriving late and quite hung over for the semester’s first meeting of his course, “The Death of Modernism,” performed a cocky mock Seig Heil gesture while defining fascism as a cause for modernism’s demise. His students, with cell phones at the ready, snap photos of him in mid-gesture. Eager to identify a scapegoat and to publicize Dobson’s faux pas (in a way that seems ironic in their quasi-fascistic use of PC language and behavior), they cast him as an anti-Semite in the memes they create on the spot and post on social media even before the class has ended. Predictably, “No Nazis at Pembroke” protests break out immediately among students. This terrifies the Dean, the board, and the donors, already worried about low enrollments and thus more attentive to student discontent. Make a public apology, they tell Dobson, or lose your job. But–and here’s the rub–it isn’t enough for the students that he apologize for offending them. He must apologize for being a Nazi, or minimally, for being anti-Semitic. Enter Cancel Culture at Pembroke!

    Seeing both accusations as unfounded and untrue, Dobson resists the demand for apology, and thereby puts his job in jeopardy. Doing so, he compromises the legitimacy of his colleague and current boss, Kim, whose advice to Dobson’s TA—to not answer any questions from reporters–comes off as a gag order issued in an attempted cover-up.  Ironically, all her efforts to stave off notoriety gets her is a front-page cover-photo and an above-the-fold story in the campus newspaper.

    As if that weren’t enough, Kim’s difficulties as a first woman of color in her position are further complicated by her private life as a single mother of a smart, charming, but rather difficult adopted daughter, Juju (Every Carganilla). The Chair’s depiction of Kim’s work/life balance signals the stress that working mothers face when childcare is not provided by the university, babysitters outside the workplace are in short supply, and parents must depend on resistant grandparents and/or friends to watch their children, sometimes with no advance notice.

    Kim is faced with the additional stress of her unresolved romantic relationship with Dobson, former peer, former boss, and current subordinate. Recently widowed, he assuages his pain by self-medicating with every drug and drink known to man in an attempt to “get his shit together.” In the meantime, Dobson’s antics compromise Kim’s need to maintain professionalism with the Dean and impartiality with department members.

    And this series is supposed to be funny? 

    Well, in fact, it is funny. Very funny. Aside from the humor sparked by the show’s realistic treatment of academic politics, Kim’s personal relationship with Dobson often plays out like a zany rom com. The show highlights their undeniable chemistry and the banter that attests to their clear enjoyment of one another, even through their mighty disagreements. Similarly, Kim’s struggles with Juju, who terrorizes babysitters, befuddles teachers, and worries her amused, though understandably exhausted mother, often spark guffaws.

    But the heartiest laughs are prompted by Kim’s third challenge—her attempt to locate a proper workspace for the tenured medievalist professor, Joan Hambling, brilliantly played by Holland Taylor. Hambling, a bawdy, outspoken 70-year-old, has recently been moved to the basement of the Athletic Department, following an administrative decision to make room for young blood by inciting older professors to retire. Hambling’s attempts to be restored to an above-ground office by means of a Title IX claim, her burning of her negative student evaluations in a waste basket bonfire in her office, and her successful flirtatious conspiracy with a newly acquired IT buddy to “out” an outrageously ageist and misogynist “Rate my Professor” critic––are easily the most hilarious moments of the season.

    But as entertaining, heartwarming, and poignant as the series is, and as apt as its depiction of the mindsets, policies and politics of academia seem to be, I found the show to be nonetheless somewhat wanting. Or, perhaps, it’s better to say, I found myself wanting––for a bit more. As a former English professor in a respected university suffering from some of the same problems, the shock of recognition and the agony of the situation having been captured exactly as it unfolded in my experience, elicited not only my laughter but also my frustration. I found myself wishing the show had been bolder in its treatment of the complexity and sometimes thorny aspects of some of the behaviors it depicts. The question that remains for me is how the portrayal might have been done more effectively and more successfully.

    I’d been impressed with the way a comment by McKay added to the representation of her situation, and humorously, to the critique of racism in the department. However, I found myself longing for a more obvious denouncement of the students’ series of actions following Dobson’s ‘Heil Hitler’ joke and dismissal. The Chair’s writers did a splendid job in composing the zinger that McKay delivers, in which she points to the absurdity of Kim’s protection of Rentz, in his loss of stature, at the expense of his junior, Black woman colleague. “I can see why you feel sorry for him . . .  he only got to rule the profession for the last forty years,” she snaps. I applauded the critique of racism and cronyism of academe that the script levels in that comment. Unfortunately, however, there was no such challenge leveled at Dobson’s students’ own brand of absurd behavior in his class or at his town meeting beyond a straightforward depiction of the scenes.

    In today’s universities, when PC responses by students in English departments are so typical that neither guffaws, nor awareness of the absurdity of a situation are guaranteed responses for viewers, lampooning these normalized behaviors might require more work than the use of hyperbole. If critiques of students’ inability to either distinguish between a joke and a slur, or resist a questionable orthodoxy, are points “The Chair” is interested in promoting (though to what extent they are is perhaps still the question), the choice to include a critical or humorous visual or verbal response from an unconvinced onlooker could help. Perhaps a non-conformist student’s point that Dobson’s gesture was made while illustrating a link between fascism and absurdism would have offered a viewer an alternative to students’ certainty of Dobson’s commitment to Nazi politics and identity. Perhaps a student’s use of feminist theory for a humorous woke-on-woke critique of protestors’ misrepresentation of Dobson, could have provided a clearer critique of the students for putting a Nazi cap on his head in their memes. And, lastly, adding an awestruck professor to the group at the town meeting might have shed light on the consequences of not challenging what Anne Applebaum calls Modern mob justice techniques in her recent Atlantic article, “The New Puritans”––such as students chanting memorized lines in sync with each other and with their choreographed moves to insist on only one truth– that Dobson is a Nazi because it serves their purposes, and because they say so. There are never enough of such faculty members in real English Departments; but there is always at least one.

    And could that one be introduced in Season Two? 

    If not, the series could be wanting for a slightly more obvious satirical stance when it comes to the students, so as not to reproduce the fear provoked by cancel culture in the actual telling of this story.  As it stands, the series critiques the easy issues well—the ones with which most people agree. It succeeds at condemning ageism and coerced retirement, a lack of faculty diversity, the dreaded “Rate My Professor” website, gendered wage discrimination, and the lecture as valid pedagogy on its own.

    But, speaking of pedagogy, where was a critique of McKay’s? Unless there is a spoofing too vague to notice, I did not catch a satirical tone taken about her competence vs. her marketability. And the story could benefit from something more than incessant praise for her pedagogy, even considering her beyond rapturous response to the students’ theatrical performance of Moby Dick. I am a lover of using drama and the arts in the classroom, and engaging students in creating responses to comprehend and more easily relate to older literature especially. But, while the students are engaged and have ostensibly learned some things creating the pieces, the exercise cries out for a follow-up to that experience if it is to warrant applause. University students need to go further, and for them, this Hamiltonesque coverage of the novel is seriously wanting as it stands. Would Yale really be satisfied with this lightweight coverage of Moby Dick accompanied by neither necessary reflection nor discussion from its newly endowed chair, or is that question being deliberately–yet clearly too faintly–raised by the show’s writers? I found it hard to tell. The brief rack focus documentation of Rentz’s stunned reaction to McKay’s lesson was the sole response registered and could easily have been interpreted as an indictment of Rentz as the un-woke “dinosaur.”

    In addition to issues with her lesson plan, McKay’s demonstrated questioning style, designed for only the response she is after, is problematic without a critique clearer than the juxtaposition of her style with Kim’s open questions and subsequent brief discussion with her class in the final episode. McKay is hailed as brilliant by Kim on about five occasions over the six episodes. And reviewers across the board have also emphasized her brilliance, most likely echoing Kim’s fictional endorsement. But where is the brilliance evidenced in her teaching in the show– the one place we could have seen it?  Or are we meant to question her success based on alternative perspectives possibly running through viewers minds? – the idea that women of color currently enjoy an edge over white contenders in being hired or promoted in the academy– despite holdover statistics?  If so, we have been given no indication of that. All we know is that the writers provided the opening for a critique, and then didn’t take it up.

    That said, I do understand that the brevity of the series and the writers’ desire to be humorous as well as heady are reasons for not taking up extremely controversial political topics. That and the risk of being canceled themselves as racist, sexist, or anti-Semitic. Also, some possible real world opposing issues––complaints of “token” hirings and promotions and/or accusations of lowered requirements and expectations for women and minorities––are impossible to lampoon in today’s environment. This is true however clearly stated or masked such feelings may be on college campuses, or however appropriate they may be for a satirist focusing on campus wars. It is also difficult for creators to achieve a balance between representing a reality and including jibes to spoof that reality in the smartest way. This is especially true when the series is ongoing and when episodes are likely in development for future seasons, with opportunities for the inclusion of much that I am wanting for– to be introduced later. 

    I will admit, however, that I was encouraged that my desire for a stronger critique of complicated politics was partially fulfilled at the end of Episode Six. This occurred at the final hearing on Dobson’s fate, when his value to the English department is set in stark contrast to the committee’s concern for endowments and the college’s obsession with its latest US News and World Report rankings–concerns that only breathe life into cancel culture.  And, I was especially encouraged by the cautionary statement Kim made to the committee at the end of the hearing, following her decision not to vote for Dobson’s dismissal.

    “If you think Bill is a Nazi, by all means fire him,” she said. But, “firing Bill isn’t going to change the culture here or stop what’s going on out there.”

    In conclusion then, I find that I am willing to wait and see.  I am also optimistic that with a slightly clearer satirical tone to complement great storytelling, humor, a terrific cast, and a realistic commentary on university life and its current challenges on all sides, Season Two, and others that I expect to follow it, will be more satisfying.

    Therefore, re-engaged and curious, I am moved to follow up on Kim’s last cautionary statement with the question that it prompts. A question that may, in some way, guide successive episodes: 

    What will change the culture here at Pembroke––and beyond?

  • Thoughts on Masking

    Thoughts on Masking

    Art by Karen Green

    Learning To Breathe, Again . . .

    When you wear the mask, the mask becomes you 
    —Qiu Zialong1

    Where To Begin? February 2020. Snow turned ice-crystals are shredding my forehead as the wind whips currents sideways to undust the trees. I risk the last run of the day, ski mask pulled just over the nose so my own hot breath steams my goggles and obstructs the view. Later, in fireplace warmth of the lodge, the clots of ice/snow scratch at my cheeks, ears, stick in my hair. The steam starts dripping, runs down my face and into my mouth. The mask’s wool sticks to my lips. I have the urge to spit. I imagine a long shower, rivulets of warm water, a rainbow distils in the steam. For now, I start working my boot buckles.

    I see her out of the corner of my eye. 

    “Terribly cold,” she says, “why on earth did you keep skiing?”

    She sits. I stand.

    She stands to see eye to eye. What strikes me in this moment is that I can see myself in her glasses—my hair still damp-dripping just above her perfectly lined bright red lipstick.

    Suppose I say to you that she is no more than an irritation, a mosquito buzz of voice I’d like to swat away. I need to tell you she does not ski. She sits in the lodge, sips coffee in the morning and wine in the afternoon, newspaper in hand, waiting while her husband skis.

    “Oh, there’s Bob now. You two NEVER seem to tire. Gosh, how can you take this cold and all that snow?”

    You can write the rest of this conversation without me. “Hi, Bob.” “Yes, the powder off the backside is to die for.” “Good to see you.” “Always, of course.” Bob turns to Sam—an—th–a (emphasis on all the slobbering syllables) with a sigh.

    “We have the McCaslin’s party tonight. You coming this year?” Sam-an-th-a isn’t really asking. She is reminding me of her affiliation with the McCaslin’s wealth and influence.

    I let the question hang in the air. “Other plans,” I say with a cheery little curve on the “s.”

    I just need to say to you that I have worn what I perceive as masks of one type or another all my life to protect myself from a variety of invasions—snow turned ice, a woman who is insufferably boring and vain. Suppose I suggest that I do not consciously take off one mask to put on another, but I am aware of how a thin little coating shifts and shapes and repairs itself in moments, sometimes hardly visible; other times thick enough for me to feel the restriction on what I think is my face underneath. I worried when I was in high school and thought my little masking and unmasking were part of some illness that would soon be exposed, so I was quite relieved in our senior Philosophy class when I read in Nietzsche: “Every profound spirit needs a mask.”2

    I read it over and again. Then, in my adolescent angst, I fondled my worry beads and wrote poems devoted to little cul-de-sacs of confessions to find my-self but words were never good enough. I kept thinking that maybe Nietzsche meant one mask, and I seemed to have multiples. Maybe I had multiple personalities, like in Three Faces of Eve, and so forth. And then the worry, do I have a face? Or, is everything a mask and my repertoire of masks grows with my experiences, and they line up on a shelf where one grows into another and each morphs into new combining fragments with others and into new combinations ad infinitum, but none are the I of my searching?

    Suppose you read this as a confession. I am not certain I know the first face underneath all the smiles, brow curves, wrinkles, smiles, various curves of lip. Is there a first face that IS the essence of me? And, just as I write this I marvel at the idea, bald and beautiful, between the face creams, lip glosses, and the honey masks, that I am the only one who knows, as Winnicott recognized, that “feeling real”3 is really feeling alive, heart beating and the lungs taking in air. Learning to breathe comes with the recognition that the search for an identity is the real masking, that I am naturally a person of many faces, many masks, and the instability of identities makes me smile a crooked smile with an outloud laugh and this thought offers a sense of freedom that I do not need to be a twenty-four seven-day, year after year, soaked in some single-identity-type-of-person.

    Masks are freeing, are not coverings but porous and fluid and elastic shift-shaping metaphors to our performativity, our identities freed to breathe as a multiverse, unbounded-ness of selves over self. And I find myself hearing Leonard Cohen’s voice as he ventriloquizes through the voice of his bereaved narrator (another porousness of identities in Cohen and his narrator?). I leave this writing to find my copy of his novel Beautiful Losers (2011) and read again the longing of a narrator who re-searches for self-abandonment only to find: “It was a dance of masks and every mask was perfect because every mask was a real face and every face was a real mask so there was no mask and there was no face for there was but one dance in which there was but one mask but one true face which was the same and which was a thing without a name which changed and changed into itself over and over.”4

    And then, along came COVID.

    Late March 2020. I’m outside in a blizzard in one of those blue surgical-looking masks covering both chin and nose (a box arrived three days earlier with 30 masks, a block of precious pu-er tea and ten small bottles of hand sanitizer, from a student-friend in China who sent these supplies home with her friend in California who then mailed them to me with a note inside: “I know you have shortages and we have more than we need”). Masks as gifts; masks as provision; masks in scarcity. Hers was another one of the many boxes I wiped down with Clorox in these earliest days of COVID before we knew much about how the virus traveled. I had only one mask before her package arrived—one made in haste with left-over-red flannel with Oscar the Grouch faces from some first-grade art project with a grandchild. Ironic really, this box filled with what was abundant in China and scarce in the USA—three sealed packages with ten blue masks in each—like opening a treasure—none to be found even on Amazon in those early days. Masks out of stock. Masks free of political pollutants in what has now become a hostility-born virus that masks cannot deter. Masks from the matter-of-fact production lines of China, where a mask is a covering to protect the wearer and protect others. I write a quick thank you on WeChat that ends with a query: “How is your daughter? A swift reply. “Her first year at Berkeley was perfect until March and now they are all shut away in dorms. I tried to order masks from Amazon and none were available. I am sending to her by way of another friend.” Masks as contraband. I breathe in her generosity. I think of her finding ways to smuggle masks through suitcases from Beijing to LA and then placed into padded brown envelopes hand-addressed with 29 Forever stamps of the US flag pasted on (which right in this moment has no one-nation-unity), slipped into a mail slot—all as a gesture of care. I think of her daughter, 20 years old, in a dorm in Berkeley, far away from her family, receiving this same brown envelope with handwriting she doesn’t recognize and inside finds masks, tea, hand sanitizer from home. And, I am struck by this simple act that connects us across the miles.

    April 2020. I am spraying boxes (yes, again, and always now) from the local co-op, just delivered and left (no exchange of words or thank you or a box passing from one person’s arms into another’s). No visible human contact except for the brief wave of the hand in air just before it disappears into the truck. Me, a wave from the free hand that doesn’t hold the Clorox spray and cloth. I open the door and can almost see the invisible spiky crown on fuzz balls of protein that the virus encodes. I spray. Wait. Wipe. Spray. Ice crystals form on my face where the mask doesn’t cover, same feeling as with the more pleasant days of skiing where masking seems a simple gesture of protection. My glasses steam. I stop, pinch the nose piece tighter as our granddaughter waves from the street, leaves a bag on the rock wall, picks up one of the ten packets of masks from China. She blows kisses from this distance, and I laugh at her sequin covered mask with feathers for mustache. She has made masking her own. Belle of the masquerade ball, a glittering and feathered mask with oversized red lips painted on, an in-your-face-bold I will not let this virus get me down move. Oh, how the cultural images of masks come and the carnivalesque swirls in, like snow. And, I am back again thinking of the mountain, the masking, the snow but not, as I best remember, the woman Sam-an-th-a of the bright red lipstick.

    Summer and into Fall 2020. In this now-moment of masking, I see, day by day, little peels of my old masks sticking to the new-less-than-N-95 variety that I put on and take off constantly. And what has been exposed are the layers of one mask over others in this moment of mandate, recommendation, compliance, and resistance where masks have taken on masking of the personal, social, and political. There seems a suspicion that if you wear a mask the mask becomes you. George Orwell’s name has resurfaced in these days of seeming fear at losing efficacy, so I hear his words through the fog of unending resistances: “He wears a mask, and his face grows to fit it.”5 My first impulse is to condemn the “he” and “his,” but I’ve learned to wear these anachronisms and turn instead to argue against Orwell’s central point. Each of us is several, I want to tell him. We are present tenses, a profusion of selves, with our futures on the edges, waiting. Is the fear of COVID mask-covering-demands really the recognition that we are vulnerable, shape-shifting beings who can be invaded and controlled, and the mask is the metaphor for life out of our control? Maybe. Or not.

    Sam-an-th-a stares into the mirror. She raises her right index finger to her upper lip—traces center to right, stops where upper and lower lip join. “Pick your poison,” she whispers seemingly to herself. Gathered on the counter next to her are a stack of masks—knitted cotton in mauve, two-layered aquamarine-woven nylon, copper-threaded silk, designer masks from Dolce and Gabbana, Maskela, Carolina Herrera. All the loops make her ears protrude. She can’t bear the thought of wearing yet another one. Maybe text to cancel dinner plans? She feels the pressure of her own gaze on her face and puckers her lips as if to check it’s her image. Index finger traces again from right corner across the lower lip as if to smooth out its wrinkles, smooth the sharp edge between liner and lipstick. None of the masks suit her. She tries on a new one from Louis Vuitton—$480-of-all-flex, no-safety fame. She pushes at her ears as if to tame them. Not one is kind to the ears nor accentuates what Samantha has worked hard to cultivate as her face. Samantha is disappearing from four distinct slurring syllables into a not-distinguish-able from the crowd eyes, eyebrows, big ears. “It doesn’t become me,” she wipes the stack away with a sweep of her hand.

    I think of Marx and his articulation of the inseparable parts of a materialist history that center on the problematics of alienation and reification. Social masking and social characters are inseparable, and, in this moment of COVID we have cojoined the mask and the person. Expropriation—a reified mask, passed through COVID’s historical processes as carrier of alienated social capacities while ironically masking in or out a viral load. The mask is becoming a personification of a person/identities’ worth, roles and influence. Marx might remind us in this moment that the reification of persons exists in the personification of things (or masks in this case).6 And here we are exposed (another irony of masking) to masks personifying us. We become reified as a mask of vulnerabilities, facing a future we do not fully understand nor is in our control.

    “Look there,” our daughter gestures toward the river’s edge and the empty bench. “Let’s take a break.” We are biking on a trail in the Catskills. A rain-soaked green surgical mask hangs on a tree branch. Three more. Hanging, drenched, tattered. It’s then we notice a note, hand-painted on a little piece of wood nailed to the trunk: BreatheFree. I cannot find words or catch my breath. “Let’s just go,” she taps to my shoulder. We are walking away. I look back. I finger the mask in my shirt pocket before buckling my helmet. Compliance to helmets, to seat-belts, to vaccines —oh, little did I (re)cognize then what was to come—but here, in the woods beside a river near sunset, a mask-hanging bodes a future that in this moment eludes my most pessimistic crystal ball gazing.

    The Masked Face makes us wearer of the vulnerable, the less than powerful, the compliant-to-science, of (author)ity, marker of our frailties, an (un)becoming. Our tendencies toward generalization veer into stereotype—sheep, patriots, losers, conservative, liberal, socialist, communist. And, just so, the mask is imprinted onto our body as personification not only of our vulnerabilities but also as a stereotype of the type of persons we are. W.J.T. Mitchell calls a stereotype an invisible mask that is “painted or laminated directly onto the body of the living being and inscribed into the perceptual apparatus of a beholder.” [14]7 A few months ago I would have argued that Mitchell is speaking metaphorically. Perhaps, not so much now.

    Winter 2020 into a long 2021. “Whatever happened to masking for Halloween or Mardi Gras or carnival?” We are carrying bushel baskets of winter squash and potatoes from our root cellar stash into the local Food Bank. Our grandson stretches out the word car-ni-vaaaal as he opens the back door to the Community Center. All summer we brought baskets, twice a week, filled with tomatoes, cucumbers, broccoli, lettuces, cabbages, green beans, or herbs from the garden. We shared with those who never expected to stand in long lines to receive a box with bread, a little fresh produce, canned beans, and a bag of rice. Each time we’d leave the safety nest of our car, we masked. Masks are required here. I’ve come to recognize people by their masks or eyes and brows. Home-made masks, masks below the nose, blue-surgical, an occasional N-95 from a carpenter with residue of sawdust still on his boots. At the entrance, a nervous laugh from the mask-bouncer as a woman complains, “This is so fucked. Kiss these masks or my ass good-bye.” She does take the mask the bouncer dangles in front of her face. I watch as she hooks mask to ears and flips her peroxide spirals, both hands moving now, closed eyelids, a few sputtered and muttered complaints and huffs, as if taking in air before the mask inhales her breath. She has become one of the occasional outbursts, calling for de-masking, restrained in this moment where the reach of hunger supersedes the need to complain.

    Just what is it about masks and masking that surfaces brutality and wrath in the same spaces of generous sharing and support? Am I speaking of COVID masking now? “A mask tells us more than a face.” Today there is talk of people literally tearing masks off of someone else’s face, unmasking them, to remove what? A disguise? A compliant person? A sheep? A thief? This use of the word “mask,” in a figural way, is not far off from the original meaning, which, very generally, was considered to be anything that conceals or disguises the face. Is this a moment born on our long-term dysfunction, dis-ease—a moment worthy of witnessing—connected to our misrepresentations and belief in the singularity of the individual or identity and a worry that I lose my identity and freedom with a literal necessity-induced mask? Just as we head out the door, a man with his dog—he with the joker-flat-painted-mask and the pup with hand-painted super-dog on a snout-shield—riddles the air with a near sonic boom of laughter, “Mask up everybody. Phosphenes are alive and well. What have we to lose?” Suspended in the fluorescent light of the foyer, the dog’s muffled howl. A cascade of laughter bleaches the air free of tension, a relief, at least for a moment.

    The next and future part as disquiet grows? I write to a friend: “No collective idea can gain acceptance unless there is some carnival in it.” Maybe I mean without an essence of carnival in it. I go on: “I am grateful for the time with less motion to gain a little insight.” I don’t in fact mean this either. I am still trying to understand how I hinged collectivity and carnival and the role of laughter and transgression to this moment of illness, death, masking, division, and calls for retribution if others do not think or act as we do. Mostly I am thinking what is nearly impossible to express in words: that when all the mythologies are set aside, the stereotypes unraveled, desiring machines turned off, we will continue to grapple with what is possible—human animals trying to be more than animal, more than human, a leg up on everything and still defiant that we are the universe’s special project even when it tempts us to think otherwise.

    ______________________________________________

    [1] Qui Xiaolong (2011), Death of a Red Heroine, Soho Press, page. 66.
    [2] Friedrich Nietzsche (2014), Beyond Good and Evil. trans. Walter Kaufmann, Heritage. section 40.
    [3] D. H. Winnicott (1965).   The Maturational Processes and the Facilitating Environment Studies in the Theory of Emotional Development. New York: International Universities Press. p. 225
    [4] Leonard Cohen (2011). Beautiful Losers. New York: Vintage. p. 176.
    [5] George Orwell (1936), “Shooting An Elephant.” New Writing. Autumn 1936.
    [6] Karl Marx (1976). Capital, Volume I, trans. By Ben Fowkes, Penguin Books.
    [7] W. J. T. Mitchell (2005). What Do Pictures Want? The Lives and Loves of Images. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 295-296.
    [8] Oscar Wilde (1889). Pen, Pencil and Poison
  • Two Poems – Leah Umansky

    The Year of the Tyrant 

    Follows on the heels 
    Of a half-dozen passes. 
    It could easily stun 
    Any one. 
    It could easily scare 
    Away the would-be years 

    Whatever fresh claim, 
    Whatever new interpretation, 
    Is an amazing grace. 
    That titanic figure, 
    Invents interpretation, 
    But remember, we are articulate. 

    Am I making my point?

    Let’s assess his intrusion. 
    Every aspect of what comes close, 
    Is just his chosen narrative. 
    All of our cranked tendencies, 
    Are a cradle to the grave. 
    There is no closer deity 
    Then the devil before us. 
    This is not hyperbole. 

    We are standing up to the grand,  
    With shoehorns of hope, 
    And a future, 
    Created by claim. 

    We, the damned, 
    Are more concerned about the people 
    Selfless, unnerving,  
    We are not flawless, 
    And we are not  
    Always good-hearted, 
    But we are smart enough  
    To not dismiss the lies. 

    It is a true act of sorcery. 
    Or secrecy. 
    Only a tyrant insists he is right.  
    Only a tyrant reaches the wide 
    Without running, 
    And without speed, 
    Only to say his fall was measured 
    And planned, but don’t believe your eyes. 
    We are seeing this. 
    This glimpse into a reality unknown. 
    Praise what comes 
    Because the impossible is possible. 
    For only a tyrant feels they are praiseworthy 
    This is nothing new, 
    The year of the tyrant.

    Of Tyrant 2

    I heard the church choir 
    on West 71st street. 
    I felt: angels  
    & then, 
     

    despair.

    Put on a happy face, Darlin, 
    says a man  
    while I walk  
    with groceries in hand. 
    I glare 
    & I flare 
    then I sooth 
    my pocks & 
    my strays. 
    What do I have  
    to hold on to, 
    but hardness? 
    The constraints, 
    are open-mouthed 
    with squawk.  
    He is everywhere. 
    thumbing hate into Sunday.